泥鳅杂交三倍体染色体组稳定性及其表观遗传机制解析

项目名称： 泥鳅杂交三倍体染色体组稳定性及其表观遗传机制解析

项目编号： No.31272650

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 李雅娟

作者单位： 大连海洋大学

项目金额： 79万元

中文摘要： 三倍体鱼类以其育性差、生长快等特性而成为鱼类遗传育种研究的热点。四倍体和二倍体杂交理论上可获得100%的三倍体，人工诱导四倍体难度大。因此，利用天然四倍体与二倍体杂交制备1种新型的杂交三倍体是解决某些鱼类三倍体产业化的瓶颈与难点。本课题组在近8年对我国长江流域特有的天然四倍体泥鳅的起源及形成机制进行了系统研究，证实了天然四倍体泥鳅是遗传四倍体(4n=100)、雌雄均能产生正常的2n配子。并对天然四倍体与二倍体杂交获得的杂交三倍体泥鳅的培育进行了初步研究。但关于杂交三倍体泥鳅的遗传稳定性及表观遗传机制迄今国内外尚无报道。本项目以杂交三倍体泥鳅及其亲本为研究对象，采用分子细胞遗传学及分子生物学分析的方法，对杂交三倍体泥鳅的染色体组成、构型、减数分裂行为、性腺发育及其表观遗传机制进行解析。旨在为杂交三倍体泥鳅的染色体组稳定性提供遗传学证据，为我国三倍体鱼类的产业化探索高效易行的新途径奠定基础。

中文关键词： 泥鳅；杂交三倍体；染色体组；表观遗传；

英文摘要： Rencently, studies on triploid fish had become hot in fish genetic thremmatology for the sterility and fast-growing. The triploid could be obtained (100%) by the hybridation between natural tetraploid and diploid, while it is difficult to induce tetraploid. Therefore, how to obtain a new kind triploid by hybridization between natural diploid and tetraploid, has become a bottleneck and difficulty for the industrialization of triploid fishto prepared a new kind of triploid by the hybridation between natural tetraploid and diploid. In our past 8 years studies on the origin and formation mechanism of the unique natural tetraploid loaches in the Yangtze River valley, it has been approved that the natural tetraploid loach wasgenetic tetraploid (4n=100), producing normal diploid (2n) gametes in both male and female. Preliminary researches had also been taken on the cultivation of triploid by hybridization between natural diploid and tetraploid. However, the genetic stability and epigenetic mechanism has not been reported yet. In this study, hybrid triploid loach was analyzed using molecular cytogenetic and molecular biology method for the researches of chromosome formation, configuration, meiosis process, gonadal development and the epigenetic mechanism, hoping to provide evidence for the stability of chromosome format

英文关键词： Loach；Hybrid triploid；Genome；Epigenetic inheritance；