工作记忆表征对注意的引导作用及机制

项目名称： 工作记忆表征对注意的引导作用及机制

项目编号： No.31200854

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 认知心理学

项目作者： 张豹

作者单位： 广州大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 人类信息加工系统资源有限，通常需要注意引导机制从复杂的环境中快速选择或过滤信息，以优化目标的选择。一般认为，注意选择除了被视觉情境中突显的刺激等外部信息以自下而上的方式引导外，还可以被个体当前意图或任务目标等内部信息以自上而下的方式引导。关于注意引导研究的最新进展之一是工作记忆表征对视觉注意选择自上而下的引导方式。但由于操纵的实验情境不同，目前部分实验结果并不一致，由此导致研究者对工作记忆表征能否引导注意还存在争议。本项目拟以此为突破点，系统分析导致以往不一致研究结果的潜在因素。在此基础上，采用眼动技术与ERP技术，结合认知实验任务，通过三个研究系统考察与验证视觉搜索类型、工作记忆负载、工作记忆表征的状态及刺激属性的引导效力等因素在工作记忆表征对视觉注意引导中的作用，以深入探讨工作记忆表征引导注意选择的产生条件和制约因素，揭示其认知机制和神经机制。

中文关键词： 工作记忆表征；注意引导效应；刺激属性；认知控制；负载

英文摘要： People have to select specific information from complex visual scene every time, but the useful information is often presented among many irrelevant distractors. When extracting relevant information from a complex visual environment, attentional guidance is often needed as an effective mechanism to optimize target selection while ignoring the distractors. The attentional selection process can be guided either by bottom-up factors (e.g., salient stimuli in the visual scene) or top-down factors (e.g., subjective intention or task target). One of the latest progresses is that working memory representation can also guide visual attention by top-down manner. This new form of attentional guidance was concerned by more and more researchers. However, due to the experimental conditions were not exactly equal, the emerging evidences were inconsistent, in that some researchers observed a robust attentional guidance effect while other researchers failed. Thus it is still a controversial issue whether working memory representations could guide attention or not. In the present project we focus on this working memory representation based attentional guidance，and especially investigate the potential factors that lead to these inconsistent results. Using eye movement tracking technology and ERP technology, combined with cognit

英文关键词： working memory representation；attentional guidance effect；stiluli attribute；cognitive control；load