中国东南部地区格特隐球菌的生态学、表型及系统发育学研究

项目名称： 中国东南部地区格特隐球菌的生态学、表型及系统发育学研究

项目编号： No.81201269

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 医学四处

项目作者： 陈敏

作者单位： 中国人民解放军第二军医大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 格特隐球菌是临床上重要的病原真菌，近年来因在北美引发蔓延至今的感染爆发性流行而广受医学专家关注。最近，日本及我国也相继发现了感染与此次流行事件遗传背景高度相似菌株的患者。我们前期工作显示，华东、华南存在大片桉树林等格特隐球菌"生态点"密集的自然环境，近年来又持续发现格特隐球菌感染患者，加之国际间交往日益频繁，存在发生类似爆发性流行事件的可能，而既往我国在此领域的研究甚少，环境分离菌株的报道几为空白。因此，我们拟引入目前"国际人与动物真菌学学会"推荐的"MLST"、WGST 等技术体系，系统开展我国东南地区格特隐球菌临床和环境株的分离、收集、保藏等工作，研究其表型、基因型特征及之间的相关性，探索该地区环境株的自然"生态点"时空分布规律及其与临床株之间的起源与进化关系，为临床隐球菌病的治疗提供参考依据，亦为预防未来我国发生类似的格特隐球菌爆发流行及公共卫生安全体系提供亟需的理论基础与技术储备。

中文关键词： 格特隐球菌；生态学；进化；表型；中国

英文摘要： The Cryptococcus gattii outbreak began in 1999 on Vancouver Island is now endemic, causing numerous human and veterinary infections, and has spread to mainland British Columbia, Washington and Oregon in the United States. Most fungi investigators felt compelled to draw attention to the emergence of C.gattii in these regions because of it traditionally been found in tropical and subtropical climates. Currently, several molecular typing methods including PCR fingerprint patterns based on M13 microsatellite DNA, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis divided these strains into three primarily clonal genotypes: VGIIa(major genotype), VGIIb and VGIIc. Recently, Japan reported a case of cerebral cryptococcoma caused by C.gattii VGIIa (a strain identical to the Vancouver Island outbreak major genotype strain R265) in a patient from Japan who had no recent travel history to known diseaseendemic areas. Likewise, Feng et al. also reported a human infection caused by C. gattii VGIIb strain, the minor genotype strain R272, in Guangdong, and the patient had never been abroad. These research revealed associations between geographic origin and particular genotypes, implying an epidemiologic significance of certain genotypes. Recognizing the urgent need for a standardized

英文关键词： Cryptococcus gattii；Ecology；Evolution；Phenotype；China