干燥过程中蜂花粉色泽劣变的机制研究及优化调控

项目名称： 干燥过程中蜂花粉色泽劣变的机制研究及优化调控

项目编号： No.31501548

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 方小明

作者单位： 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 鲜花粉营养丰富、水分含量高，不易储藏，这使得干燥成为花粉加工中必不可少的工序。但是花粉在干燥过程中变色率高，严重影响品质。而目前关于花粉中主要色素成分（类胡萝卜素）的降解机理尚不清楚，这使得干燥工艺的优化调控成为难点。因此，本项目拟以荷花粉和茶花粉为研究对象，首先采用液质联用、液相色谱、低场核磁共振、核磁共振成像、透射电镜等技术全面比较和分析新鲜花粉及其热风干燥过程中类胡萝卜素成分变化、水分分布及迁移规律、花粉组织及色质体超微结构，藉此获得影响色变的关键性成分及其转化降解机制的信息；其次，监测分析动态干燥过程中随着水分迁移，色度学参数与类胡萝卜素含量的变化，建立三者的动力学模型。以温度为纽带分析三者的耦合关系，通过色泽变化模型来获得干燥过程中类胡萝卜素和含水率的动态变化信息。研究成果有望揭示蜂花粉色泽劣变的机制，为蜂花粉干燥过程中品质的优化调控提供科学依据，具有重要的现实意义。

中文关键词： 蜂花粉；干燥；类胡萝卜素；变化动力学；优化调控

英文摘要： Drying is the essential procedure in pollen processing because pollen with rich nutrition and higher water contents cannot be storage for long time. Drying often causes pollen color changes and affects the quality. However, the mechanism of pigment transformations was not yet clear and the quality of pollen was hard to control and optimize. Therefore, this object will take the as the research object. Firstly, the composition of carotenoids, moisture distribution and transfer and microstructure of pollen organization and chromoplasts before and after hot air drying will be analyzed by LC-MC, HPLC, NMR, MRI and TEM. The key components which affect the color of pollen was determined and the mechanism of degradation will clarified. Secondly, the change kinetics of carotenoids , color and moisture of .pollen under different key drying factors will be investigated to reveal the dynamic change of the quality attributes in different drying parameters, to predict carotenoids and moisture contents by color changes. This project will demonstrate the color changes of pollen and provide scientific basis and technical support for the optimum control of the American ginseng quality during its drying, which is important for improving the quality of American ginseng product．

英文关键词： Bee pollen;Drying;Carotenoids;Dhange kinetics;Optimum control