基于公路主体工程的两栖类动物通道优化设计方法研究

项目名称： 基于公路主体工程的两栖类动物通道优化设计方法研究

项目编号： No.51508250

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 建筑科学

项目作者： 王云

作者单位： 交通运输部科学研究院

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 公路对两栖类动物的影响是交通环境影响中一个重要内容，而公路两栖类动物通道已经成为缓解全球各国交通对两栖类动物影响的重要手段。在我国，公路工程中的涵洞等主体设施虽然具有通行两栖类动物的功能，但在工程设计中并没有考虑两栖类动物活动习性和动物对安全通道适宜性，设施设计不完善、动物利用率低，保护成效不显著。.选择公路交通与两栖类动物矛盾突出、前期基础较好的长白山区为典型研究区，在深入分析公路交通导致两栖类动物致死特征的基础上，拟通过野外控制性模拟试验，研究长白山区典型两栖类动物对不同涵洞、排水沟/边沟、隔离栅栏、诱导环境设计情景的响应，建立既满足两栖类动物穿越通行、又经济且便于施工的两栖类动物通道最佳配置形式，提出长白山区公路两栖类动物通道设计关键指标和方法，为交通行业标准--公路涵洞设计细则、公路路基设计规范乃至于专门的长白山区公路两栖类动物通道设计规范的编制提供直接的科学依据和理论支撑。

中文关键词： 公路工程；生态保护；两栖类动物；动物通道；涵洞

英文摘要： The impact of road on amphibians was one of most important contents of transportation ecology, and wildlife crossing structures have been the efficient measure to mitigate the negative impact of road on amphibians in the world. In China, although plenty of culverts along road infrastructures could be used by amphibians to cross the road, the use rate was low result from lacking adhere to the amphibians behavior and activity character during designing engineering structures. .Taking Changbai Mountain Region as a case study, which has characters of obvious contradiction between road traffic and amphibians and good research basis in recent years, we analyzed the characters of road kills caused by road traffic, studied the typical amphibians species response to different culverts, ditches, barriers and artificial habitats by the methods of field simulated experiment, to build the best design formation of wildlife crossing structures that satisfying amphibians crossing preference and economic benefits. The ultimate intent is to provide the key technology and indicators of amphibians crossing structures, and contribute to the revision of Chinese Guidelines for Design of Highway Culvert, Specifications for Design of Highway Subgrades, and even publish specific Guidelines for Design of amphibians Crossing Structures.

英文关键词： highway engineering;ecological protection;amphibians;wildlife crossing structures;culverts