东海窄脊江豚重金属的富集规律及MTs等位基因的分子响应

项目名称： 东海窄脊江豚重金属的富集规律及MTs等位基因的分子响应

项目编号： No.31300456

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 陈炳耀

作者单位： 南京师范大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 江豚由于近岸分布，又处于食物链的最顶端，富集的重金属比较多，因此受到重金属的威胁也比较严重。但是，目前仍不清楚江豚重金属的富集规律、影响因素、长期变化趋势及分子响应，还不知晓重金属对江豚的真实影响程度。本项目拟采用化学检测和分子生物学技术对江豚重金属的富集规律和分子响应进行深入探讨。通过选取重金属污染严重水域的江豚样本，检测重点组织器官内不同化学形态的典型有毒重金属的富集水平，得出重金属富集的普遍规律。比较不同种群间的重金属富集含量，得出重金属富集的区域变化特征及影响因素。通过对间隔超过20年的不同组江豚样本的对比分析，构建江豚重金属富集的长期变化趋势。了解江豚和食物样本的重金属富集差异，揭示重金属在食物链中的富集效率。研究MTs基因频率及遗传多样性的区域变化和时间变化，探讨江豚对重金属污染的分子响应机制。本项目的开展对于评估江豚受重金属的真实影响程度和确定优先保护地理单元均具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 窄脊江豚；食性；重金属；健康风险；金属硫蛋白基因

英文摘要： The finless porpoises distributing in near-shore area, locate in the top of food chain, accumulate more heavy metals in the bodies, and face more serious threaten. Up to date, it is still unclear on accumulation patterns of heavy metals (HTs) in the bodies of porpoises, influencing factors, long-term trend and molecular response of finless porpoises, therefore, we do not know the actual influence of HTs to finless porpoises.The project aims to explore the accumulation of HTs and molecular response of finless porpoises using chemical detecting and molecular biology techniques. We select the specimens collected in heavy pollution areas, detect the concentrations of different chemical forms of HTs in key organs, and generate the general accumulation patterns of HTs. By comparing the concentrations of HTs in different populations, the geographical variations of HTs and influencing factors will be assessed. According to the comparison of the concentrations of HTs in two sets of specimens that were collected in two periods with 20 years intervals, the long-term trend of concentration of HTs in finless porpoises will be drawn. By understanding the variation of HTs in porpoises and preys, the accumulation efficiency of HTs through the food chain will be clarified. Based on the research on the spatiotemporal variation

英文关键词： Narrow-ridged finless porpoise；feeding habit；heavy metal；risk assessment；MTs gene