项目名称: 家犬在人工选择下的高原适应机制研究
项目编号: No.91231108
项目类型: 重大研究计划
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 生物科学
项目作者: 王国栋
作者单位: 中国科学院昆明动物研究所
项目金额: 90万元
中文摘要: 不同于其他野生动物,家犬在人类的呵护下迅速登上了青藏高原,是人工选择下适应环境的绝佳范例。此外,家犬的驯化历史清晰,是探讨人工选择下基因组变异规律的最佳家养动物之一。本实验室长期从事家犬研究,不仅在家犬的驯化历史和人工选择领域做出了卓越的贡献,而且积累的大量的灰狼和家犬样品。申请人长期从事家犬的二代测序工作,拥有丰富的经验。本项目采用二代测序平台和等量混合建库技术,构建1个灰狼群体,2个高原家犬群体,2个平原家犬群体的全基因组遗传变异图谱,通过群体基因组学的方法,比较灰狼,高原品种,和平原品种在全基因组水平上的差异,寻找受人工选择的调控网络和信号通路,探讨人工选择下家犬适应高原环境的遗传机制。本研究旨在揭示家犬如何通过基因突变和多基因交互作用以快速适应人工选择,以及人工选择下高原适应的遗传机制,从而阐明微进化的分子机制,推动人工选择和进化理论的发展与完善。
中文关键词: 家犬;高原适应;驯化历史;平行进化;人工选择
英文摘要: Domestic dogs rapidly adapt high-altitude envrionments under human’s protection. Because of unambiguous population history, domestic dog is a excellent organism model for studying the pattern of genomic variation under artificial selection, and studying the environment adaptation by multiple-gene interaction. Our previous study through mitochondrial and Y chromosome revealed that the domestic dog originated in southern China less than 16,300 years from several hundred wolves. In this proposal, we will present the genome-wide scan for single nuclear variation at 1 wolf population, 1 Tibetan mastiff population, 1 Tibetan indigenous dog population, 1 Chinese indigenous dog population, and 1 modern dog population. Through the approaches of population genomics, we will present genome-wide scan for positively selected genes under high-altitude adaptation by artificial selection, and locate the selective pathways/network by functional enrichment analysis. This proposal will suggest how dogs adapt high-altitude environment through changing pathways/networks, and help to understand the genetic adaptation of human beings.
英文关键词: domestic dogs;high altitude adaptation;demographic history;parallel evolution;artificial selection