利用连锁分析和关联分析发掘小麦抗旱优异等位基因

项目名称： 利用连锁分析和关联分析发掘小麦抗旱优异等位基因

项目编号： No.31271720

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 景蕊莲

作者单位： 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 发掘利用抗旱基因，改良小麦抗旱性是应对干旱的重要途径。我国小麦种质资源中蕴藏着丰富的抗旱材料，这些材料中有哪些抗旱基因?哪些材料中具有最优异的等位基因?其遗传效应如何?目前尚不清楚。小麦抗旱性涉及诸多农艺性状和生理性状等，多数是复杂的数量性状。解析数量性状基因的主要研究方法包括连锁分析与关联分析，不过，连锁分析对目标基因的检测效率受限于双亲的遗传差异，关联分析受群体遗传结构的影响，导致伪关联，对低频率等位基因检出效率低。本项目以探讨联合利用连锁分析和关联分析高效发掘小麦抗旱优异等位基因的有效途径为目标，以DH群体为材料，进行性状/分子标记的连锁分析；以抗旱多态性高的种质资源及其与回交导入系群体组成的自然群体为材料，进行性状/分子标记的关联分析；以抗旱回交导入系群体为材料，进行连锁-关联分析，验证优异等位基因的遗传效应。为分子标记育种和基因克隆奠定基础，提高抗旱品种选育效率。

中文关键词： 连锁分析；关联分析；抗旱；等位基因；小麦

英文摘要： Wheat is the staple food crops for human, but frequently suffers drought stress during the growing season. It makes the improvement of drought tolerance (DT) in wheat especially important. Abundant wheat germplasm resources with diverse drought tolerance have been identified from the accessions conserved in the National Genebank. They are the vital gene resources for wheat DT improvement. However, we highly lack the knowledge on the drought tolerant resources, such as what DT genes these germplasm possess, in which accessions there are the superior alleles underlying drought tolerance, and what effects these favorable alleles play. Wheat is a species with the huge and complex hexaploid genome. A series of agronomic and physiologic traits are involved in the drought tolerance in wheat. Most of them are quantitative traits. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for complex traits in plants generally have been mapped through biparental population-based linkage analysis or diverse germplasm-based linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Linkage analysis also called linkage mapping, is powerful for detecting genetic effects at loci involved in the expression of target traits. LD analysis called association analysis or association mapping, has significant potential to simultaneously identify and evaluate the varying effects of m

英文关键词： linkage analysis；association analysis；drought tolerance；allele；wheat