类Yolk-Shell结构炭/石墨微球新型动力锂电池负极材料的研究

项目名称： 类Yolk-Shell结构炭/石墨微球新型动力锂电池负极材料的研究

项目编号： No.U1510134

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 马灿良

作者单位： 山西大学

项目金额： 59万元

中文摘要： 针对山西煤焦油高附加值化需求，以及现有负极材料能量和功率密度低等还不能完全满足动力锂电池实际需求的现状，本项目拟设计一种包含碳包覆过渡金属氧化物（MOx@C）和碳纳米空腔（HCNs）的类Yolk-Shell 结构的炭或石墨复合微球负极材料。主要以煤焦油为原料，经与过渡金属盐或纳米颗粒的掺杂、液相碳化、乳化成球等工艺，通过控制预氧化、碳化、石墨化和后氧化处理等过程实现对材料结构的调控。项目将研究复合材料中金属氧化物储锂、纳米空腔储锂和石墨层间储锂三种储锂机制协调作用的科学原理以及实现上述原理的复合材料的结构基础和制备方法，得到实现三种储锂机制融合的构效关系。本项目预期制备出组成和结构合理的炭或石墨复合微球，期望满足动力锂电池负极材料要求的高储锂容量、倍率、循环稳定和高堆积密度等性能。项目的设立和完成可为提高煤焦油附加值和以煤焦油为碳源制备高性能动力锂电池碳基负极材料提供理论和实践基础。

中文关键词： 煤焦油沥青；过渡金属氧化物；碳纳米空腔；中空核壳结构；动力锂电池负极材料

英文摘要： To fulfill the demand of high additional value utilization for coal tar of Shanxi province, meanwhile to search way for the issue that the low energy and power density of present anode materials can not meet the practical demand of electric vehicles, in this project, we attempt to develop a novel high-performance anode material with coal tar as precursor. The well-designed anode material is composed of carbon/ graphite microsphere with Yolk-Shell structure, and contains carbon coated transition metal oxides (MOx@C) and hollow carbon nanostructures (HCNs). The preparation processes mainly include the pre-processes, such as doping with transition metal nanoparticles or their salts, liquid phase carbonization and emulsification into microspheres. The composition and texture of the material will be adjusted by control the conditions of pre-oxidation, carbonization, graphitization and post-oxidation. This project will study the scientific principles of synergistic effect between the three kinds of mechanisms of lithium storage in transition metal oxides, hollow carbon nanostructures and graphite layers, as well as its structure foundation and implementation methods. We hope to get the structure-performance relationship which could realize the combination of three mechanisms. This project is expecting to fabricate carbon/ graphite composite microsphere with reasonable structures and composition which could satisfy the demands of high reversible capacity, good rate capability, cyclic stability and high apparent density of high-performance anode materials. The establishment and completion of the project tries to build a base in both theory and practice for elevating the additional value of coal tar and developing high performance coal tar-based anode materials for power lithium-ion batteries.

英文关键词： Coal tar pitch;Transitional metal oxide;Hollow carbon nanostructure;Yolk-Shell structure; Anode material for power lithium ion battery