野生稻化感作用的基因型及其与环境互作机制

项目名称： 野生稻化感作用的基因型及其与环境互作机制

项目编号： No.31260453

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 张付斗

作者单位： 云南省农业科学院

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 水稻化感作用为生态安全条件下防除杂草的新途径，满足农业可持续发展的需求。明确化感作用的基因型及其与环境互作机制是培育抗草能力水稻品种的关键。经过两个云南省自然科学基金项目的研究，筛选到对杂草具有强烈抑制作用的野生稻（Oryza longistaminata），在2～3叶期的化感作用主效应QTLs位于第1、2和11染色体上。但是该基因型的遗传效应、环境影响效应及其与环境的互作效应是不清楚的。因此，为开展预测分析，有必要将该性状基因转移到亚洲栽培稻中，研究环境条件-基因调控-化感物质-抑制杂草之间的关系。研究结果不仅有助于对化感作用基因的结构、功能及基因间互作的分子机制有更全面的了解和认识，对将该性状转移到亚洲栽培稻具有重要的推动作用，对发掘与利用野生种质资源的化感基因具有重要的科学和应用价值。

中文关键词： 野生稻（Oryza longistaminata）；化感作用；基因调控；遗传效应；遗传与环境互作

英文摘要： Rice allelopathy is new environmentally-safe method for paddy weed management and meet the needs of sustainable agriculture. Rice allelopathy genotype and environment interaction mechanism of allelopathy is very important to cultivate weed-susppression rice varieties. After the study of two projects of Yunnan province natural science foundation, wild rice Oryza longistaminata was confirmed to have strong suppression ability to weeds, and found its allelopathy genetic QTLs at 2-3 leaf stage was located on 1, 2 and 11 chromosomes. However, the genetic effects, environmental effects and their interaction effects of O. longistaminata genotype are still not clear until now. Thus, to carry out forecast analysis, it is necessary to transffer this kind of gene to Asian cultivated rice varieties, and study the relationships between environmental conditions, gene regulation, allelochemicals, and weed suppression effect. These results not only contribute to understand the gene structure, function and molecular mechanism of gene interaction of wild rice allelopathy, but also benefit to promote this genetic traits transferred to rice varities, and finally exploit and utilize allelopathic gene of wild germplasm resources to improve weed-suppression ability of rice.

英文关键词： wild rice（Oryza longistaminata）；allelopathy；genetic regulation；genetic effects；genetic and environment interaction