癌细胞表面电荷特征及粒细胞识别机制研究

项目名称： 癌细胞表面电荷特征及粒细胞识别机制研究

项目编号： No.31671029

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2017

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 崔征

作者单位： 同济大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 粒细胞是人体免疫系统中功能最强数量最大的组成部分。粒细胞的已知功能是快速消灭感染机体的细菌及真菌。本团队近十几年的独创研究更发现健康人体内粒细胞还有广谱杀伤癌细胞的固有活性。长年来科学界对粒细胞识别病原细胞的机制已有众多猜测，但至今仍旧没有一种合理完整的解释来说明粒细胞的靶向机制即如何识别区分正常细胞与病原细胞。本课题组前导实验结果提供了一条意外线索。我们发现作为粒细胞的靶向细胞的各种癌细胞，细菌和真菌的表面都均带有大量表面负电荷，而且正常细胞则持电中性或带微量正电荷。我们提出的待验证假设是粒细胞识别以上列举的病原细胞的机制很可能不是任何细胞表面特殊分子，而是细胞表面电荷。我们计划在本科研课题中使用现有的带电荷纳米材料和将利用类似方法合成的带电纳米材料来干扰和中和细胞表面电荷，从而观察这种细胞表面电荷干扰是否能够影响粒细胞又癌细胞的表面结合，是否能够影响粒细胞杀伤癌细胞的活性。

中文关键词： 纳米材料；生物检测；粒细胞；表面电荷；癌细胞

英文摘要： Granulocytes are the most abundant and most functionally vigorous part of the human immune system. The known function of the granulocytes is to rapidly eradicate the invading bacteria and fungi. The most important research result of my lab in recent years since 1999 is the fact that the granulocytes have the naturally existing activities of killing a variety of cancer cells. In last several decades, there have been numerous speculations and theories on how granulocytes recognize pathogenic cells. However, even until now, there still has not been a theory that can completely and logically explain the mechanism of granulocyte recognition of target cells. In an expected way, the pilot study of our group may have provided an interesting clue. We discovered that all cancer cells, bacteria and fungi had had the unique negative charges on their surfaces whereas the normal cells don’t, as they are either charge-neutral or slightly positively charged. Therefore we hypothesize that the mechanism of granulocyte recognition is not based on any kind of specific surface molecules, but rather on the negative electrical charges of the cell surfaces. The current study project is to utilize the novel nanoprobes we recently developed and the additional ones we will construct to neutralize the surface charges of cells in order to evaluate whether such neutralizations could affect the ability of granulocytes to bind and to kill target cancer cells.

英文关键词： Nanomaterials;biodetection;granulocytes;surface charge;cancer cell