土壤风蚀影响因子参数化

项目名称： 土壤风蚀影响因子参数化

项目编号： No.41330746

项目类型： 重点项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 邹学勇

作者单位： 北京师范大学

项目金额： 300万元

中文摘要： 中国北方土壤风蚀区包括多种土地利用、土壤和植被类型，现有耕地风蚀模型不能满足需要。本项目在前人和项目组预研究成果基础上，建立研究区土地利用类型、土壤类型及其理化特性、植被特征、DEM地形图等空间数据库，确定典型观测区、样品采集区和实验模拟条件；野外测量典型观测区的裸露、有不同特征植被、不同耕作措施耕地、不同大小和密度的砾石覆盖、中小尺度地形等情形下的空气动力学粗糙度；根据模拟实验和野外观测数据，计算典型土壤类型裸土和结皮条件下的临界摩阻风速和剪应力，不同粗糙元条件下的临界摩阻风速和剪应力，以及粗糙元及其之间裸土表面的剪应力分离；研究土壤抗蚀性与表土机械组分和水分、碳酸钙和有机质含量、表土容重、植物根系等之间的定量关系。依据风蚀动力学原理，分别对地表粗糙干扰因子、风力侵蚀因子、土壤抗蚀性因子进行归并，并将其参数化，为未来构建具备风蚀动力学理论基础和具有广泛适用性的土壤风蚀模型奠定理论基础。

中文关键词： 参数化;土壤风蚀;土壤抗蚀性因子;风力侵蚀因子;粗糙干扰因子

英文摘要： Soil wind erosion area in northern China covers many land use types, soil types and vegetation types, so that the existing soil wind erosion models for cultivated land cannot meet the demands in scientific study and wind erosion control practice. Parameterization of the factors influencing soil wind erosion, including soil antierodibility factors, wind erosivity factors and roughness interference factors is the key to establish a soil erosion model with thorough dynamic basis and wide applicability. To accomplish the parameterization, this program will carry out the following work. i) Establishment of the spatial databases based on the previous researches by former scientists and our pre-researches, including land-use database, soil database regarding to the types and physicochemical properties, vegetation characteristic database, and DEM topographic maps. Typical study areas for measurement and sampling and conditions for experiment and simulation will be determined then. ii) Measurement of aerodynamic roughness length in different circumstances, including bare soil surface, soil surface covered with different vegetation or gravels of different size and density, cultivated soil with different tillage measures, and meso- or micro-scale topographies in the typical study areas. iii) Calculation of the threshold velocities and drag for bare soil surface, soil surface covered with different soil crusts and soil surface with different roughness elements. Drag partition on soil surface with different roughness elements will also be calculated. This work will be based on the results of wind tunnel simulation and field measurements. iv) Exploration of the quantitative relations between soil antierodibility and grain size composition, moisture content, content of calcium carbonate(CaCO3) and organic material, bulk density and vegetation root density in surface soils, etc. v) Generalization and parameterization of soil antierodibility factors, wind erosivity factors and roughness interference factors according to the dynamic principles of wind erosion.

英文关键词： parameterization;soil wind erosion;soil antierodibility factors;wind erosivity factors;roughness interference factors