家鸡短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）受体基因功能鉴定及SCFAs在肠组织中的作用探究

项目名称： 家鸡短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）受体基因功能鉴定及SCFAs在肠组织中的作用探究

项目编号： No.31472089

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 畜牧学与草地科学

项目作者： 李娟

作者单位： 四川大学

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 在哺乳动物中，短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）是一类短碳链化合物, 主由摄入食物纤维和碳水化合物经肠道菌群发酵后产生，可作为肠上皮细胞主要供能物质。 最新研究表明：SCFAs可作为信号分子，通过其特异性受体(FFAR2和FFAR3)，参与机体肠道发育、免疫、代谢等调节。 在家鸡中，饲料中添加SCFAs（如：丁酸盐）可刺激肠道发育，并提升肠道抑菌(如沙门氏菌)能力，暗示: SCFAs也可作为信号分子，参与家鸡生理功能调节。为验证该假说，本研究拟采用多种实验方法探究： 1）在家鸡中, 是否存在SCFAs的多个功能性受体； 2) SCFAs功能性受体在发育消化道中的时空表达图谱； 3）SCFAs可否作为信号分子，调控肠道发育、功能与基因表达。以上问题的解答，可为阐释'短链脂肪酸及其受体'在家鸡肠组织中的生理作用奠定基础；同时，亦为开发利用短链脂肪酸，改变肠道菌群结构，提升养殖综合效益提供理论指导。

中文关键词： 家鸡；肠道；短链脂肪酸；基因表达；受体功能分析

英文摘要： It is well documented that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, butyrate, are produced in the large intestine by bacterial fermentation of ingested carbohydrates and dietary fibers. Originally, these SCFAs have been viewed as the nutrients and transported into the blood stream; however, there is increasing evidence showing that SCFAs can function as the key signaling molecules to regulate many physiological physiological processes, including gastrointestinal tract functions, inflammation, and metabolism. In chickens, the addition of SCFAs (i.e. Butyrate) was reported to stimulate intestinal growth and inhibit the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in intestine, implying that SCFAs, mainly produced by bacterial fermentation, may regulate the physiological functions of chickens. To test this hypothesis, our present study aims to: 1) investigate whether the receptors for SCFAs exist and function in chickens; 2) examine the spatio-temporal expression patterns of the functional SCFA receptors in developing gastrointestinal(GI) tract; 3) test whether SCFAs can regulate the development, functions, and gene expression of the intestine. The results from present study will help to elucidate the roles of SCFAs in GI tract and other tissues. Meanwhile, our study will also provide evidence that the SCFAs produced by gut microbe may affect the phenotypic traits of chickens, and established a theoretical basis for the better usage of these SCFAs in poultry industry.

英文关键词： chicken;intestine;SCFA;gene expression;functional analyses