日本血吸虫在不同种类宿主中的种群遗传多样性研究

项目名称： 日本血吸虫在不同种类宿主中的种群遗传多样性研究

项目编号： No.81472926

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 医药、卫生

项目作者： 赵琴平

作者单位： 武汉大学

项目金额： 70万元

中文摘要： 日本血吸虫病是我国最严重的人兽共患寄生虫病，主要流行于长江流域的湖北、湖南、江西和安徽等省。日本血吸虫可以感染40余种哺乳动物。病原体在不同宿主间的传播可驱动其对宿主的选择性和种群分化，改变其种群遗传结构，影响疾病的传播模式和防治。然而病原体在多宿主间的种群遗传学研究仍十分匮乏，血吸虫在不同甚至是同一种类终末宿主中的种群遗传结构尚不清楚，严重阻碍了对其在不同宿主间传播模式的认识。本项目拟在湖北省江汉平原，调查人、多种常见家畜及野鼠等自然感染血吸虫的宿主体内的寄生虫负荷；并利用全基因组水平的单核苷酸多态性标记，研究不同种类宿主体内血吸虫的种群遗传差异，揭示不同宿主对血吸虫种群遗传结构的影响，并探讨其在疾病传播中的潜在作用。该项目以日本血吸虫为代表，其研究成果将丰富多宿主寄生虫的种群生物学，而且为制定更有效的血吸虫病防治策略，及研制不同宿主（人/畜）用疫苗提供理论基础和科学依据。

中文关键词： 日本血吸虫；种群；遗传多样性；宿主；单核苷酸多态性

英文摘要： Schistosoma japonicum, which remains a major public health problem in mainland China, is the only schistosome species for which zoonotic transmission is considered important, with over 40 species of wild and domesticated animals suspected to serve as definitive host reservoirs for the parasite. The multiplicity of potential hosts can affect the population structure of parasite, drive the selective pressure and evolution, furthermore, affect at some degree of differential transmission across host species. In order to characterize the population structure and elucidate transmission patterns of S. japonicum across host species, S. japonicum (including miracidia and adult worm) will be sampled and genotyped using whole genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers from a range of naturally infected definitive host species in the Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Additionally,the epidemilogical survey will be implemented for schistosomiasis among the different definitve hosts. The project's significance is that it will identify the main transmission pattern of S. japonicum among different definitive hosts by genome-wide SNPs, especially between human and other nonhuman definitive hosts.It will not only to assess the population genetic diversification within and among hosts species from infrapopulation to suprapopulation level, but also to gain an understanding of the selective pressures involved in population genetic structure of S. japonicum through hosts. The new insights into these factors will be important for the design of new and more effective schistosomiasis control strategies.In addition, as a multi-host parasite, S.japoniucm provides a theoretically and clinically important model to use in understanding the population biology of multi-host pathogens, which acan affect the evolution and dynamicsof infectious disease to some extent, as well as raise signicant implications for disease control.

英文关键词： Schistosoma japonicum;Population;Genetic diversity;Host;Single nucleotide polymorphism