激光诱导空泡空化强化机理与激励特性研究

项目名称： 激光诱导空泡空化强化机理与激励特性研究

项目编号： No.51479082

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 任旭东

作者单位： 江苏大学

项目金额： 84万元

中文摘要： 本项目针对水力机械空化空蚀机理复杂、危害严重的科学问题，提出激光诱导空泡推进空化强化理论与技术。基于激光共聚焦和激光冲击强化原理，对激发空泡冲击波优化约束形成高速高压空泡微射流，应用微射流强化效应对水力机械加工与改性，阐明激光空泡微射流强化新理论。从理论与实验两方面分别对激光空化机理、空化空泡球对称运动模型、激光-空化复合激励机制、微射流强化效应、高空化性能水泵模型等相关科学问题进行研究；融合高速摄影与高频测试技术，进一步探讨激光水下爆炸推进空泡群与空泡叠加效应，提出水力机械空化空蚀抑制对策及在空化条件下安全运行的评价准则；创新提出激光冲击强化与激光空泡微射流复合强化理论，研究并掌控激光强化提高部件抗空蚀性与耐腐蚀技术，促使激光空化成为一种可以改善材料表面性能的有效手段。本项目的研究可获得一种全新的激光空化强化理论与技术，具有很重要的科学意义与广阔的工程应用前景。

中文关键词： 水力机械；激光空化；微射流；多相流；数值模拟

英文摘要： This project is committed to propose the cavitation enhancement technology of vacuoles induced by laser to solve the scientific issues on complicated mechanism and heavy damages of cavitation and cavitation erosion in hydraulic machinery. The formation of high speed and high pressure micro jet by constraining and optimizing the excited and vacuoles shock wave was stimulated based on the laser self-focusing and laser shock strengthening principles. The strengthening effects of micro jet on the processing and modification performances of hydraulic machinery was utilized to elaborate vacuoles micro jet strengthening theory induced by laser. Related scientific issues such as mechanism of laser cavitation, laser-induced symmetric motion model of vacuoles spherically, composite incentive mechanism of laser cavitation, the enhancement of micro jet and high cavitation performance pump model are studied from the theoretical and experimental aspects respectively. High speed photography and high-frequency test technology are applied to further explore the superimposed effect of bubble clusters and vacuoles propelled by the exploding of laser underwater. The suppression countermeasures of cavitation erosion in hydraulic machinery and evaluation guidelines for safe operation in cavitation conditions are also raised. The theory of laser shock processing strengthening combined with laser-induced vacuoles micro jet strengthening is innovatively proposed. Laser cavitation could become an effective means to improve the surface properties of materials through the researching and mastering of the cavitation erosion resistance technology and corrosion resistance technology by laser shock processing. A brand new laser cavitation strengthening theory and technique would be acquired. Moreover, the project is of very important scientific significances and has a broad engineering application prospects.

英文关键词： Hydraulic machinery;Laser cavitation;Micro-jet;Multiphase flow;Numerical simulation