中国民族弹拨乐交响性问题研究

项目名称： 中国民族弹拨乐交响性问题研究

项目编号： No.10804100

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 王鑫

作者单位： 中国传媒大学

项目金额： 17万元

中文摘要： 本课题以解决弹拨乐交响性问题为目的，提出了弹拨乐协和性评价方法。首先通过语意调查和分析明确了协和性的内涵定义，据此确定了协和性研究的具体内容。研究对象从弹拨乐单音入手，随后扩展到和声音程、独奏旋律和合奏旋律。采用小波分析、数列分析和参数分析等方法探究弹拨乐器的声学特性，然后通过听觉实验、数理计算及问卷调查等方法考查了音色、音程关系和响度等因素对弹拨乐不同器乐形式协和性的影响规律，提出弹拨乐协和性评价方法。结果表明弹拨乐器起振阶段的谐和性对音色的整体协和性的评判起到重要的作用。小波累计能量可用于弹拨乐单音及和声音程的协和性。频域特征是区别中西方弹拨乐器音色的主要特征。音色对不同器乐形式的协和性影响既有共性，也有差异性。共性是频域能量分布特征对协和性有重要影响；差异性表现在随着器乐形式的复杂化，影响协和性的音色因素越多。此外通过调整旋律声部的响度配比可以改善合奏旋律的协和性。以该评价方法为基础，为弹拨乐交响性问题的解决从乐器改良和乐器摆位两方面给出建议。

中文关键词： 民族交响乐；弹拨乐器；协和性；声学参数；主观评价

英文摘要： The consonance was studied to solve the symphony of Chinese plunking instruments. The definition of consonance was investigated based on the questionnaire of the audience. The study objects included plucking instrument tones, musical intervals, and melodies. The wavelet analysis and harmonic series progression were applied to study the acoustic features of Chinese plunking instruments. Then the mathematical analysis and listening test were applied to study the influences of factors on plucking instruments consonance, such as timbre, interval and loudness. The results showed that the consonance of attack part was important to the consonance judgment of Chinese plucking instrument tones. The CWT accumulated energy was proposed to evaluate the consonance of tones and musical intervals. Frequency features were important to distinguish between Chinese and Western plucking instruments. The consonance of different sounds is influenced by the energy distribution in frequency domain. More factors such as attack time and temporal envelope would also influence the consonance with the increase of complexity of sound. The consonance of plucking instrument melodies could be improved by adjustment the loudness ratio of different instrument parts. Based on the study, the consonance evaluation method was proposed with suggestions to improve the symphony of Chinese plucking orchestra. These suggestions were the instrument modification and the setting of instruments.

英文关键词： Chinese classical symphony; Plucking instrument; Consonance; Acoustic parameter; Listening test