纳米多孔稀土基气凝胶的合成、凝胶化机理和功能化设计

项目名称： 纳米多孔稀土基气凝胶的合成、凝胶化机理和功能化设计

项目编号： No.51302040

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 朱秀榕

作者单位： 赣南师范学院

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 气凝胶是一种用途极其广泛的新型功能材料，具有极低的密度、极高的比表面积、丰富的孔洞结构等独特的性质，在航空航天、惯性约束聚变（ICF）、保温隔热、能源等领域具有重要应用。常见的气凝胶有SiO2气凝胶、碳气凝胶、TiO2气凝胶、Al2O3气凝胶等，而以稀土元素为主要化学成分的气凝胶却鲜有报道。本项目拟采用溶胶-凝胶工艺，以聚丙烯酸为分散剂和模板剂，以环氧丙烷为凝胶促进剂，以稀土镧（La）基和钇（Y）基气凝胶为主要研究对象，探索稀土基气凝胶的通用制备方法和凝胶化机理，实现对稀土基气凝胶的密度、微观结构、比表面积、成型性等性能的调控，并对稀土基气凝胶在高技术领域可能的应用进行功能化设计。本项目的顺利实施，不仅能获得一种应用性强的新气凝胶材料，而且还为稀土元素的研究和应用提供技术储备。本项目拟解决的关键科学问题：探索稀土基气凝胶的通用制备方法和凝胶化机理。

中文关键词： 稀土；气凝胶；溶胶-凝胶；聚丙烯酸；环氧丙烷

英文摘要： Due to the interesting physical and chemical properties, such as ultra-low density, ultra-high specific surface area, ultra-high porosity and so on, aerogels are widely used in aviation, aerospace, inertial confinement fusion(ICF), thermal insulation, energy etc. as a new functional material. In recent years, many researchers are focused on the investigation of SiO2 aerogels, carbon aerogels, TiO2 aerogels, Al2O3 aerogels and so on. However,a little attention has been paid to the rare-earth(RE)-based aerogels. In this project, lanthanum(La)-based and yttrium(Y)-based aerogels will be synthesized via sol-gel process, the polyacrylic acid is used as dispersing agent and template while propylene oxide is used as gelation promoter. The general preparation process and gelation mechanism of RE-based aerogels will be clarified.The controllable properties of RE-based aerogels, such as density, microstructure,specific surface area,moulding etc., will also be reseached. In order to develop the potential application of RE-based aerogel in ICF, aviation and aerospace, the functional designs of RE-based aerogel are carried out. To investigate the RE-based aerogel not only provides a new nanoporous material, but also obtains technological reserve for the research and application of RE elements. The general preparation proc

英文关键词： rare earth；aerogel；sol-gel；polyacrylic acid；propylene epoxide