微生物活体操纵与可控装配新方法的构建及其应用

项目名称： 微生物活体操纵与可控装配新方法的构建及其应用

项目编号： No.31270150

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 杨光

作者单位： 华中科技大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 自然界中微生物种类极为丰富，尺寸涵盖了纳米级与微米级，是可用于纳米、微米以及多层次跨尺度加工的天然"基本单元"和"底盘细胞"。本项目立足于构建用于定位操纵和可控装配微生物活体"细胞工厂"的新方法，重点开拓和发展微流控和(或)微生物打印技术该两项新技术。以酿酒酵母和大肠杆菌为模式菌种，木醋杆菌和肝素黄杆菌为功能菌种，诱发其特有的生物学功能，通过微生物微纳米机器人进行受控自组装，研究影响微生物的运动行为的调控因素，揭示微生物定位调控原理和多层次精细结构的形成机制。通过该方法可以设计特定的个性化微环境，探寻微生物的个体生长、代谢与行为模式。还可通过对微生物培养基的设计和打印，实现对大规模发酵过程的培养基优化，将传统的正交实验分析、响应面实验分析手段芯片化。此外，通过多层次组装，可设计和构筑复杂体系的微生物群落，为微生物反应器的设计、大规模生物炼制的调控提供理论依据和技术支撑。

中文关键词： 微生物；可控装配；微流控；生物打印；生物材料

英文摘要： Microbe is extremely abundent in nature, the size of which has a very wide coverage from nano- to micro-scale making it suitable to be processed at multi-scale level as natural " building blocks " and "chassis cell". Based on the urgent need of micro/nano bio-manufacture of microorganism, four controlling methods- - i.e. molecular template, magnetic control, microfluidics, and bio- printing - - for the process suitable for microbe have been proposed to dip into the behavioral mode of microorganism and design new micro/nano functional materials by controlling directed movement and ordered arrangement of microorganism living cells. To our best knowledge, it is a promising and challenging project with originality in the field of microorganism. This project aims at developing new methods and techniques of micro/nano manufacture based on physical/chemical/biological principles as well as establishing new ways for controlled manipulation and controllable living microorganism "cell factory", especially focusing on exploring two new techniques-micro-fluidic and bio-printing. Through combinational and synergistic effort, it is expected be able to control the microorganism and its product from molecular to nano/micro level. Thus, the application prospect is extremely attractive, and it is highly promising to open up a ne

英文关键词： microbes；controlled assembly；microfluidics；bioprinting；biomaterial