紫色土坡地农田活性氮气体交换与氮流失协同过程与通量研究

项目名称： 紫色土坡地农田活性氮气体交换与氮流失协同过程与通量研究

项目编号： No.41271321

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 朱波

作者单位： 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 紫色土坡地氮肥投入高，利用率低，损失量大，造成突出的大气和水环境污染问题，大气活性氮污染物与氮流失的协同管控成为环境保护的必然选择。但以往的农田活性氮气体排放与氮流失过程研究相对孤立，氮素气体交换和氮流失的协同过程与关联机制不清楚，导致农田活性氮气体减排与氮流失控制顾此失彼。针对上述问题，利用紫色土坡地lysimeter装置，结合N-15示踪技术和人工模拟降雨试验，开展紫色土坡地氮流失与活性氮气体交换过程的同步观测，研究坡地活性氮气体交换与氮流失的协同过程、通量及其影响因素，查明活性氮气体交换与氮流失的关联机制和通量消涨关系，阐明坡地氮素土-气交换与土-水迁移的协同机制和径流驱动机理，揭示氮流失主导的坡地氮素循环规律，建立兼顾氮素溶质迁移与气体交换的藕合模型，模拟紫色土坡地不同氮肥管理下的活性氮气体排放和径流、泥沙迁移的氮通量，为紫色土坡地农田氮素管理和环境保护提供科学依据。

中文关键词： 硝酸盐淋失；氮氧化物；耦联效应；活性氮损失模拟；紫色土

英文摘要： Sloping croplands of purple soil, distributed widely in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, play an important role for agriculture in sothwestern China. A large amount of nitrogen loss from hillslope cropland in the purple soil areas due to low utilization efficiency of fertilizer and heavy soil and water erosion, thus, pose a severe threat to the atmospheric environment and the water quality of the Yangtze River.So, it is an inevitable choice to cut down the emssion of reactive gaseous nitrogen and diffuse nitrogen simultaneously. However, the mechanisms and fluxes of the reactive nitrogen loss via hydrological and gaseous pathways have not been well documented because of isolated study on separate losing pathway. It is crucial important to conduct coupling researches on hydrological and gaseous loss of nitrogen so as to understand mechanisms on manipulation of gaseous and aqueous nitrogen loss jointly. So, we proposed to conduct this coupling research on processes and fluxes of nitrogen loss via hydrological and gaseous pathways in sloping cropland of purple soil. In this proposal, synchronous monitoring on processes of reactive gaseous nitrogen (N2O, NO and NH3) emission along with diffuse nitrogen loss will be conducted in the free-drain lysimeters of purple soil. Emission rate of N2O and NO will be determin

英文关键词： Nitrate leaching；N2O and NO；trade-off；modelling of reactive nitrogen loss；purple soil