有色重金属冶炼废渣硫化法回收过程特征研究

项目名称： 有色重金属冶炼废渣硫化法回收过程特征研究

项目编号： No.51474247

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 闵小波

作者单位： 中南大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 有色重金属冶炼废渣随着有色金属产量的增加而逐年递增，年排放量已过千万吨，其中含有不少铜、铅、锌、镉等有价金属，综合利用率不到50%，造成环境污染和资源浪费严重。由于废渣来源广泛、种类繁多、性质差异很大，目前浸出技术在回收效率、技术经济性及二次污染等方面存在问题，难以形成产业化共性技术。基于硫化矿形成原理，提出废渣硫化-浮选法回收金属硫化物精矿的新思路，前期初步研究发现突破该技术的关键瓶颈在于认知废渣中重金属深度硫化转化、硫化物晶体生长规律并实现其有效调控。拟研究：1）固体物相中重金属与氧、硫的键合作用关系，2）重金属硫化反应机制、硫化物生长机制及矿化结晶动力学研究，3）废渣中硫化物与残渣的界面作用，4）硫化法回收人造硫化矿的工艺特征。通过本项目研究，旨在丰富重金属冶炼废渣硫化处理方法的理论体系，形成重金属冶炼废渣硫化法回收人造硫化矿的新技术过程特征原型。

中文关键词： 重金属污染；冶炼废渣；硫化；硫化物精矿；回收

英文摘要： With the increase of nonferrous metal production, the discharge of heavy metal-containing nonferrous smelting slag increases year by year and the annual discharge amount exceeds ten million tons. These slags contain valuable metals,such as copper, lead, zinc and cadmium and the comprehensive utilization rate of these slags is less than 50%, which leads to severe environment pollution problem and resource waste. These slags have diverse sources, wide variety and difference in properties. It is difficult to form common industrialized technology to treat heavy metal-containing slag by the present leaching technology because of the disadvantages in aspect of recovery rate, techno-economics and secondary pollution. Based on formation principle of sulphide ore, a new idea of sulfidation followed by flotation treatment for recovery of metal sulfide concentrates from heavy metal-containing slag is proposed. The crucial problems of this technology lie in the cognition of deep sulfidation of heavy metal in slag and growth of sulfide crystal as well as realization of crystal growth control. Therefore, the present study mainly focuses on: 1) the bonding between heavy metal and sulfur as well as oxygen in solid phase; 2) the mechanism of heavy metal sulfidation reaction and sulfide growth as well as mineralization crystallization kinetics; 3) the interface interaction between sulfide and residue in slag; 4) the process feature of artificial sulfide ore recovery by sulfidation process. The purpose of this study is to enrich the theory system of sulfidation treatment of heavy metal-containing smelting slag and to form new prototypes of artificial sulfide ore recovery from heavy metal-containing smelting slag by sulfidation followed by flotation method.

英文关键词： Heavey metal pollution;Smelting slag;Sulfidation;Artificial sulfide concentrate;Recovery