石油沥青质液相氢化分解过程的基础研究

项目名称： 石油沥青质液相氢化分解过程的基础研究

项目编号： No.21336011

项目类型： 重点项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 有机化学

项目作者： 高金森

作者单位： 中国石油大学（北京）

项目金额： 300万元

中文摘要： 重质油高效转化和优化利用是国民经济发展的重大需求，具有十分重要的现实意义和战略意义。沥青质是分子量最大、极性最强、结构最复杂的石油组分，易发生聚沉、缩合转化成焦炭，是目前重质油轻质化工艺、工程和操作上巨大困难的根源。针对重质油沥青质部分，申请者提出以富氢溶剂为溶解—加氢介质，通过溶剂供氢的“间接”加氢方式，实现沥青质的液相氢化分解，为进一步催化加工提供原料。本项目拟从研究沥青质胶体结构和性质出发，结合富氢溶剂在反应过程中的物性变化和氢自由基的扩散、反应行为，认识沥青质在溶剂体系中缔合、分散和稳定性特征；揭示液相反应体系中沥青质分子结构的分解规律及制约传质、反应速率的控制步骤；并发展溶剂加氢还原反应深度的调控方法，研究与之匹配的催化剂类型和反应环境。综合集成上述方面的研究，构建新型的沥青质轻质化反应体系，阐明相关的化学反应工程关键问题，为我国重质油高效转化技术开发提供理论基础。

中文关键词： 石油沥青质;液相氢化;分解;富氢溶剂;化学结构

英文摘要： The efficient conversion and optimal utilization of heavy oil has great practical significance to the development of national economy. The asphaltene, is a petroleum component with the largest molecular weight, the strongest polarity and most complicated structure. The occurrence of asphaltene precipitation and condensation to coke is the source of the trouble on the processing, engineering and operating of converting heavy oil to light oils. Aimed to the conversion of asphaltene in heavy oil , taking hydrogen-rich solvent as the medium for dissolution and hydrogenation, the asphaltene can be upgraded to light feedstock for catalytic processes by indirect-hydrogenation and the hydrogen-rich solvent as hydrogen-donor. This project will start from the study of asphaltene colloid structure and properties, combined with the reactive behavior, change of physical property, and diffusion of hydrogen free-radical of hydrogen-rich solvent, the degree of association, dispersion, and stability of asphaltene in solvent systems will be cognized. As a result, the control step of decomposition, mass transfer, and reaction rate of asphaltene in liquid- phase reaction system will be revealed. In addition, the regulation and control method of solvent hydrogenation-reduction reaction will be developed and the corresponding reaction environment and type of catalyst be determined. Based on above researches, a novel reaction system of asphaltene conversion will be established and the key chemical reaction engineering issues of the process be illustrated, which provides a new technological approach to convert heavy oil efficiently in China.

英文关键词： Petroleum Asphaltene;Liquidus Hydrogenation;Decomposition;Hydrogen-rich solvents;Chemical Structure