地闪先导-回击过程单站多参量同步观测研究

项目名称： 地闪先导-回击过程单站多参量同步观测研究

项目编号： No.61301063

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 邱实

作者单位： 中国人民解放军理工大学

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 地闪先导-回击过程产生的直接和间接效应对人类的生产生活造成的危害日益凸现。由于缺少全面的观测资料和准确的反演模型，对于地闪先导-回击过程仍缺乏深入的理解，特别是对通道电参数（如电荷密度、电流波形）时空演变的认识尚不清晰。本项目拟以综合观测试验技术创新为牵引，重点研究利用观测事实结合模式反演先导-回击通道电参数的方法，深入揭示先导-回击发展的物理过程，准确评估其致灾机制。具体而言，利用单站将闪电声、光、电磁多参量探测手段有机结合，实现单站对闪电先导-回击过程三维时空演变过程和宽带电磁场的同步探测，进而获取和积累一批高质量的观测资料，解决制约闪电先导-回击发展模式和物理机制理解的瓶颈问题；基于同步综合观测资料，依据瞬态电磁场理论和最优化原理，构建反演模型，实现对地闪先导-回击通道电参数时空演变的"遥测"，揭示先导-回击过程的耦合关系和发展特征，为雷电防护和物理机制研究奠定基础。

中文关键词： 地闪；先导-回击过程；综合观测；单站；建模

英文摘要： The damage caused by the direct and indirect effect by leader-return stroke process (L-Rs) in cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning is more and more serious. However, insight into L-Rs, especially on the temporal-spatial evolution of electrical parameters in the channel (such as charge density distribution, current waveforms aloft) is apparently hindered by lack of comprehensive observational data and the corresponding data-based inverse model. This project, based on the innovation in comprehensive observation technology, is intended to establish the methodology to retrieve time-resolved electrical parameters distributed along the L-Rs channels, and further reveal the physical mechanism involved in the L-Rs. Specifically, a single-station-based comprehensive observational system would be constructed, which could take the advantages of thunder localization, high-speed optical observation, VHF imaging to provide the three-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution of L-Rs and the synchronized broadband electromagnetic field waveforms. By virtue of this system, a set of high-quality observational data would be accumulated with observation experiments. On the other hand, in order to realize the goal of the 'remote measurement' of the channel parameters, the inverse model based on the transient electromagnetic theory and th

英文关键词： CG flash；leader-return stoke；comprehensive observation；single station；model