几种地带性土壤纳米颗粒的物质组成与粘土矿物演化特点

项目名称： 几种地带性土壤纳米颗粒的物质组成与粘土矿物演化特点

项目编号： No.41271252

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 黄丽

作者单位： 华中农业大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 土壤纳米颗粒性质极为活跃，其粘土矿物对土壤理化性质有重要影响。研究纳米颗粒中粘土矿物的地带性特点，对揭示我国土壤的粘土矿物演化规律及其成土过程有重要意义。本项目在分离出我国从南到北的主要地带性土壤（砖红壤、红壤、黄棕壤、棕壤）中450-2000、100-450 nm的颗粒后，再用纳米粒子超过滤器分离其中25-100和1-25 nm 的无机纳米颗粒和有机无机复合体纳米颗粒，测定其粒级、元素和矿物组成，明确地带性土壤纳米颗粒的物质组成与硅铝率等变化特点；研究其无机和有机无机纳米颗粒的矿物结构、微形貌、自组装行为和表面化学性质的异同；明确纳米颗粒中粘土矿物类型、组合和演化特点，及其地带性；探讨纳米矿物组分的变化对土壤元素分布和表面性质的影响；阐明纳米颗粒中粘土矿物的组成与地带性矿物组合变化的关系，从纳米尺度揭示我国南北土壤粘土矿物演化的地带性特点，以丰富土壤纳米化学和土壤发生分类的理论研究。

中文关键词： 水平地带性土壤；纳米颗粒；粘粒矿物；氧化物矿物；演化

英文摘要： Soil nanoparticles are very active, and their clay minerals have important influences on the physical and chemical actions of soils. Study on the zonal character of the clay mineral compositions in soil nanoparticles is significance to reveal the evolution laws of clay minerals and the pedogenic processes of soils in our country. In this project, the objects are the main zonal soils (Latosols, Red soils, Yellow-brown soils and Brown soils) that developed in China from the south to the north. After the particles in the size of 450-2000 and 100-450 nm are separated by routine method, the two kinds of soil nanoparticles (the inorganic nanoparticles and the nanoparticles of inorganic and organic complex) in the size of 25-100 and 1-25 nm are separated by the Automatic Ultrafiltration Device (AUD). The constituents of particle fractions, elements and minerals are tested in the nanoparticles, and the change of material compositions and silica-alumina ratios in the nanoparticles are determined. The difference between the two kinds of nanoparticles in the respect of mineral structure, micromorphological feature, self-assembling action and surface chemical property are analyzed. The results could show the type, constituent and evolution of the clay minerals in the different sizes of nanoparticles, and their relationship

英文关键词： horizontal zonality soils；nanoparticles；clay minerals；oxide minerals；evolution