水稻弱势粒充实差的机理与调控

项目名称： 水稻弱势粒充实差的机理与调控

项目编号： No.31271641

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 杨建昌

作者单位： 扬州大学

项目金额： 88万元

中文摘要： 水稻弱势粒充实差是科学和生产上长期未解决的难题。本项目以常规高产品种、超级稻品种及多种突变体为材料，通过大田试验、穗离体培养试验和细胞悬浮培养等试验，主要研究：(1)花后强、弱势粒中糖(己糖和蔗糖)和激素水平(含量或浓度)、激素和碳代谢相关基因表达、蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性的变化及其与胚乳发育的关系，糖和激素对胚乳发育的调控作用与机理；(2)灌浆期不同材料根、茎、叶中激素水平变化、根尖细胞超微结构、叶片光合性能、茎鞘物质运转特性与强、弱势粒中糖和激素水平、激素和碳代谢相关基因表达、蔗糖-淀粉代谢关键酶活性及胚乳发育的内在生理联系；(3)氮、磷、钾矿质营养、土壤水分、肥料运筹和灌溉方式对强、弱势粒胚乳发育的影响及其生理与分子机理。在细胞、器官和整株水平上阐明弱势粒充实不良的机制，探明促进弱势粒灌浆的调控途径和关键栽培技术，为培育弱势粒充实良好的大穗型超级稻新品种提供生理生化指标。

中文关键词： 水稻弱势粒；胚乳发育；糖和激素；基因表达；栽培调控

英文摘要： Poor filling of inferior spikelets of rice is an unsolved issue for long time in both science and production. Using elite and super rice cultivars and several rice mutants as materials and conducting experiments in the field, detached panicle in vitro culture, and cell suspension culture, this proposed project aims to investigate (1) post-anthesis changes in sugar (hexose and sucrose) and hormonal levels (content or concentration), expressions of genes related to metabolism of carbohydrates and hormones, and activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in both superior and inferior spikelets and their relations with endosperm development, and the mechanism underlying possible roles of sugars and hormones in regulating endosperm development; (2) changes in hormonal levels in roots, leaves, and stems, ultra-structure of root tip cells, leaf photosynthesis, and characteristics of remobilization of carbon reserves in stems during grain filling and their relations with endosperm development; and (3) effects of the mineral nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, soil moisture, nutrient management, and irrigation patterns on endosperm development of superior and inferior spikelets and their physiological and molecular mechanisms. The output of the proposed project will be able to elucidate the

英文关键词： Inferior spikelets of rice；Endosperm development；Sugar and hormone；Gene expression；Cultivation regulation