果胶甲酯酶(PME)在香蕉抗枯萎病过程中的作用及机理研究

项目名称： 果胶甲酯酶(PME)在香蕉抗枯萎病过程中的作用及机理研究

项目编号： No.31272117

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 徐春香

作者单位： 华南农业大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 香蕉枯萎病是当今世界香蕉生产的最严重威胁。抗枯萎病育种及抗性机理研究是香蕉科研工作的首要任务。病原菌要成功侵染寄主，首先必须降解植物细胞壁果胶，细胞壁果胶甲酯化状态与抗病性密切相关。植物果胶甲酯酶（PME）通过影响果胶甲酯化状态进而影响植物抗病性。然而，其作用机理仍不清楚。本项目拟分别以高抗香蕉枯萎病的'粤优抗1号'和高感品种'巴西蕉'的组培苗和悬浮细胞为试材，（1）比较分析寄主与病原菌互作过程中，香蕉PME活性与转录水平及果胶甲酯化程度变化；（2）利用PME及11种识别不同甲酯化程度果胶成份的单克隆抗体，采用免疫标记技术对接种病原菌前、后，细胞壁中相应抗原成份在香蕉抗、感品种中的时空分布及表达量差异进行研究；（3）通过免疫调控等方式调控香蕉中PME的表达量，研究调控后香蕉抗病性的变化，以揭示PME在香蕉-枯萎病镰刀菌互作过程中的抗病功能及作用机理，为抗枯萎病育种提供理论参考。

中文关键词： 香蕉枯萎病；寄主病原菌互作；果胶甲酯酶；抗病功能；作用机理

英文摘要： Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is one of the most destructive diseases in the production of banana (Musa spp.) in the world. Breeding of resistant cultivars and the study of associated mechanism are the major task for banana production. The plant cell walls form the first obstacle that a pathogen needs to overcome. To overcome this obstacle, pathogens secrete numerous cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) to degrade the pectins in the plant cell wall. The degree of methylesterification (DM) of pectins and the distribution of individual pectin components with different DM have been correlated with changes in the susceptibility of plants to pathogens. Plant pectin methylesterase (PME) were involved with plant resistance to the pathogens throung afttecting the DM status of pectins. However, the machanism underlying is far from understanding. In the present study, the tissue-cultured plants and suspension cells fo two banana cultivars, highly resistant and susceptible to this disease respectively, are selected as plant materials to study the resistant mechanism. The following parameters will be investigated: (1) Analysis of the activity and transcription level of PME, the DM of total pectins; (2)The changes in spatial distribution and abundance of individual cell wall pectins and PME

英文关键词： banana Fusarium wilt；host-pathogen interaction；pectin methlyesterases；disease-resistance function；mechanisms