野生动物监测无线传感器网络中多目标被动式定位关键技术研究

项目名称： 野生动物监测无线传感器网络中多目标被动式定位关键技术研究

项目编号： No.61272461

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 自动化技术、计算机技术

项目作者： 房鼎益

作者单位： 西北大学

项目金额： 81万元

中文摘要： 项目以无线传感网在野生动物行为监测中的应用为背景，针对珍稀野生动物不便或不许佩带标签的困难，及其活动环境人迹罕至、范围广、监测节点多、分布不规则、环境噪声大的特点，研究大型无线传感网中被动式多目标定位方法及其相关技术。试图采用分类学习与RSSI信号衰减模型相结合的方法进行目标规模检测，利用分层区域定位模型和压缩感知理论，在最小定位代价并保证精度条件下提高定位效率；利用自适应休眠调度方法优化大型网络生存期。特色在于利用压缩感知与基于RSSI感知矩阵特征结构分析方法和全局优化休眠调度策略，建立一个适应性强、鲁棒性好、资源节约的复杂三维环境中的多目标被动式定位方案。其科学实质是借助感知压缩、矩阵特征结构分析和机器学习理论，寻求复杂环境中无线信号与移动目标时空关系的内在规律，探索感知节点拓扑阵列与定位精度和算法鲁棒性的本质联系，问题的求解对复杂环境中大型无线传感网多目标定位研究及其应用有重要意义。

中文关键词： 无线传感网；压缩感知；被动式定位；；

英文摘要： In the protection of wildlife, being lack of long-term scientific data accumulation, people can't accurately be aware of the migration, loss, disease, death, and poaching for the wild animals. Target locating technology from Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) can be used to detect the position of animals. Because most of the area where wildlife live are human inaccessible and without infrastructure such as electricity and telecommunication, and due to being forbidden to wear or embed electronic tags onto wild rare animals, a new effective passive locating method has to be proposed, which must also face the problems, such as that a large number of nodes must be irregularly deployed in the huge area, and with large ambient noise, as well as the serious energy limitation. The goal of the proposal is to investigate key techniques on passive localization of multi-moving targets in a three dimensional wild situation. The scale (or the whole number) of the moving targets should be estimated through machine learning and the model of RSSI signal degradation. A zone based layered model of passive localization is introduced to improve the efficiency of the localization, of which the inter-zone locating is achieved by RSSI matrix analysis, and the intra-zone localization is implemented using compressed sensing. A two-level sche

英文关键词： WSN；compressive sensing；passive location；；