基于射频干涉的无线传感器网络目标节点定位与跟踪

项目名称： 基于射频干涉的无线传感器网络目标节点定位与跟踪

项目编号： No.61301223

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 王易因

作者单位： 上海交通大学

项目金额： 28万元

中文摘要： 无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network, WSN)的目标节点定位与跟踪是构建兼具分布式数据采集、协作感知和实时信息处理系统的关键。如何在复杂的多径环境中，实现低成本、高精度的定位与跟踪，对WSN物理层设计提出了新的挑战。本项目以提高定位与跟踪系统的精确度，降低系统的复杂度为目标，围绕射频干涉用于定位与跟踪系统存在的多径干扰，缺乏有效同步机制以及相位模糊的基本问题，从信号处理和信息融合的角度，探索射频干涉信号的收发新机制，同步定位联合估计的新方法以及非线性模型的近似优化求解。重点开展三方面研究内容：1）探索抗多径干扰的射频干涉信号设计；2）提出具有普适性的目标位置与时钟同步参数联合估计框架；3）解决基于整数与实数混合型非线性模型的定位释疑。为实现具有应用价值的射频干涉定位跟踪系统提供理论基础和科学方法。

中文关键词： 射频干涉；同步；定位；跟踪；无线传感器网络

英文摘要： Wireless sensor network (WSN) enables smart environments for cooperative sensing, distributed sampling and real-time processing. Localization is fundamental in WSNs,as the data collected by sensors should be associated with the locations where they carry out the measurements. It is a great challenge with respect to the physical layer of WSNs to accomplish accurate localization with low cost under harsh multipath environments. This project aims to design novel radio interferometric positioning systems. To be more specific, three aspects will be investigated in this project: 1) mitigate multipath effects. The multipath effects in harsh environments impose lots of difficulties on accurate ranging. We would explore how to design optimal signal waveforms to facilitate ranging, and make use of frequency, time and space diversities to be robust to multipath effects. 2) joint localization and synchronization. In phase, time, or frequency-based localization systems, synchronization is tightly coupled with localization. Joint localization and synchronization methods will be explored to relax stringent synchronization requirements of WSNs. 3) phase ambiguity problem. Due to the wrapping effect (phase ambiguity) of the phase estimate, the range estimate based on the estimated phase faces the integer ambiguity problem. It ca

英文关键词： radio interferometric；synchronization；localization；tracking；wireless sensor networks