基于抹香鲸嘀嗒声的主动声呐伪装隐蔽探测方法研究

项目名称： 基于抹香鲸嘀嗒声的主动声呐伪装隐蔽探测方法研究

项目编号： No.61501319

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 蒋佳佳

作者单位： 天津大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 主动声呐在水下目标探测、识别等国防任务中不可或缺，但相对被动声呐，主动声呐因向外发射声波而易暴露自己，所以其隐蔽性至关重要。区别于传统思路，本项目从仿生学角度研究基于抹香鲸嘀嗒声的主动声呐隐蔽探测新方法，在保证隐蔽性的同时，提高探测性能。首先，根据嘀嗒声信号时、频等特点，分析利用其构造声呐信号波形的隐蔽性和可行性机理。然后，使用原始的嘀嗒声构造声呐信号波形、利用抹香鲸发声规律产生发射信号，以及模拟鲸群活动规律控制声发射平台的运动轨迹，从而实现主动声呐探测的隐蔽性。同时，提出数值分析优选方法实现声呐信号波形构造；利用嘀嗒声作为训练序列并结合自适应技术实现时变水声信道估计；发展抗混响声呐信号波形优化设计和回波预处理方法，以及建立全局匹配滤波器模型并设计相应匹配滤波算法，实现回波信号精确处理；进而提高主动声呐探测性能。研究成果可为利用鲸类嘀嗒声的主动声呐隐蔽探测系统实用化提供理论基础和技术方法。

中文关键词： 主动声呐；隐蔽探测；抹香鲸；嘀嗒声；信号检测

英文摘要： Active sonar is indispensable in defense mission for underwater target detection, recognition and so on. However, because emitting sound wave outward, active sonar system is easier to expose itself than passive sonar, so how to improve active sonar’s covertness performance is very important. Being different from traditional ideas, this project, from the view of bionics, intends to develop a new covertness detection method for active sonar by utilizing click impulses generated by sperm whales, so as to improve the covertness and detection performance. Firstly, according to the time, frequency etc. characteristics of clicks generated by sperm whale, the covertness and feasibility that the click impulses are used to construct the sonar waveform are analyzed. Then, by using original clicks to construct sonar signal wave, utilizing the sound rule of sperm whale to generate emission signal for sound emission platform, and imitating sperm whales’ activity rule to control the motion path, the detection covertness for active sonar is achieved. At the same time, we develop a numerical analysis and optimization method to achieve the construction of sonar signal waveforms, and utilize multiple clicks as training sequences and combine adaptive technique to achieve the estimation of time-varying underwater acoustic channel. Meanwhile, we develop waveform optimization design and echo preprocess method to suppress reverberation, and set up a global match-filtering model and design corresponding match-filtering algorithm to achieve accurate processing of echo signal, thus improve the detection performance of active sonar. Research results can provide nice theoretical basis and technical methods for the practical application of the active sonar detection system that utilizes clicks generated by sperm whales.

英文关键词： active sonar;covert detection;sperm whale;clicks;signal detection