苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病相关基因GCVIR1的鉴定及其致病变异位点分析

项目名称： 苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病相关基因GCVIR1的鉴定及其致病变异位点分析

项目编号： No.31501596

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 张俊祥

作者单位： 中国农业科学院果树研究所

项目金额： 19万元

中文摘要： 苹果炭疽叶枯病是一种极易爆发性流行的苹果叶部及果实新病害，在我国苹果主产区连年大发生，严重影响苹果的产量和品质。为有效控制该病害，开展其致病机理研究是一项必要的基础性工作。在前期工作中，初步证实T-DNA插入突变体M285致病性的丧失与一个功能尚未解析的基因（定名为GCVIR1）的突变有关。本研究中，首先通过GCVIR1的敲除、互补和超表达等试验，明确GCVIR1在苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病过程中的功能；其次，通过基因序列比对分析，揭示GCVIR1在强致病力、弱致病力及非致病菌株中的自然变异规律，结合致病表型测定，进而筛查出与致病性相关的变异位点（SNP和INDEL），并通过定点突变及互补试验对潜在的变异位点进行功能验证。本研究旨在为深入开展苹果炭疽叶枯病菌致病信号传导途径及病原物与寄主互作机制研究奠定理论和技术基础。

中文关键词： 苹果；炭疽叶枯病；基因；致病变异；点突变

英文摘要： Glomerella leaf spot of apple is a new explosive epidemic disease on leaf and fruit of apple, in most apple growing regions, the disease successively outbreaks，and severely affects production and quality of apple. For controlling the disease effectively, its pathogenesis study is the important fundamental work. In previous work, the preliminary experiments results proved that the lost of pathogenecity of T-DNA insertional mutant M285 is related to insertional mutagenesis of a functionally unknown gene (designated as GCVIR1). The present study is proposed firstly to explore the role of GCVIR1 in pathogenic progress by knockout, complementation and overexpression of GCVIR1; secondly, screen pathogenesis-related variation sites (SNP and INDEL) of GCVIR1 by analyzing the natural variation occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms of GCVIR1 in high virulent isolates, low virulent isolates and non-pathogenetic isolates; further, identify the function of the potential variation site through site-directed mutagenesis and complementation trials. The goal in this study is to explore the pathogenic mechanism of Glomerella cingulata，and will lay the foundation for further study of pathogenic signal transduction pathways and interaction mechanism between host and pathogen.

英文关键词： Apple;Glomerella leaf spot;Gene;Pathogenic variance;Point mutation