气溶胶物理特性对雷暴云电荷结构、闪电行为影响的研究

项目名称： 气溶胶物理特性对雷暴云电荷结构、闪电行为影响的研究

项目编号： No.41475006

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 谭涌波

作者单位： 南京信息工程大学

项目金额： 100万元

中文摘要： 气溶胶作为云凝结核和冰核是影响雷暴云微物理过程的重要因素，雷暴云的起电、放电过程又与雷暴云微物理过程息息相关，而目前关于气溶胶对雷暴云电荷结构以及闪电行为的研究还十分匮乏，气溶胶与雷暴云起、放电的耦合模型还几乎未见。本项目拟在已有的雷暴云起、放电模式基础上，将气溶胶活化、冰核核化参数化方案植入模式中，建立一个较为完善的气溶胶与雷暴云起、放电耦合模型；结合敏感性模拟实验和大量观测资料，探讨气溶胶的粒径、浓度等特征对雷暴云起电过程以及空间电荷结构的影响；分析其与雷暴云闪电频次、闪电强度、云地闪比例以及正负地闪比例之间存在的关系，并给出定量分析结果；建立理论的电荷结构模型，给出电荷结构特征对闪电行为的定量分析结果。本研究的开展不仅可以改善雷暴云电耦合模式对雷暴起、放电过程的模拟能力，深化我们在气溶胶对云微物理以及起、放电物理过程影响的认知，还能为雷电预警和人工影响雷电技术的发展提供理论基础。

中文关键词： 气溶胶；电荷结构；闪电；雷暴云

英文摘要： Aerosol, serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), is increasingly recognized as one of the key factors influencing the microphysical process of thunderstorm, which is also closely related to the electrification process and linghtning discharges in thunderstorm. However, few attempt has yet been made to investigate the effects of aerosol on charge structure and lingtning process in thunderstorm, and the aerosol -electrification and discharge coupling model is still relatively few. The parameterization scheme of cloud drops activation and ice crystals nucleation will be embed into the existing thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge model to build a relatively perfect coupling model. Combining with sensitive simulation experiments and a large number of observation data,the study investigates the influence of aerosol drop spectrum and concentration on thunderstorm electrification and space charge structure. The relationship between aerosol and lightning characters will be analyzed, such as lingtning frequency, lightning intensity, frequency ratio of IC (intracloud ) lightning to CG（cloud to ground）lightning, frequency ratio of positive CG lightning to negative CG lightning and so on. A theory charge structure model will be explored to present quantitative result about the effect of charge structure on lightning characteristics. The study can improve the simulation ability of thunderstorm electric coupling model, and deepen a knowledge of people about the influence of aerosol on the microphysical process, and the electrification and discharge process in the thunderstorm. Moreover, it can provide a foundation for lightning warning and the technology of artificial lightning modification.

英文关键词： aerosol;charge structure;lightning;thunderstorm