Smart healthcare has achieved significant progress in recent years. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies enable various smart applications across various healthcare scenarios. As an essential technology powered by AI, natural language processing (NLP) plays a key role in smart healthcare due to its capability of analysing and understanding human language. In this work, we review existing studies that concern NLP for smart healthcare from the perspectives of technique and application. We first elaborate on different NLP approaches and the NLP pipeline for smart healthcare from the technical point of view. Then, in the context of smart healthcare applications employing NLP techniques, we introduce representative smart healthcare scenarios, including clinical practice, hospital management, personal care, public health, and drug development. We further discuss two specific medical issues, i.e., the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and mental health, in which NLP-driven smart healthcare plays an important role. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current works and identify the directions for future works.
翻译：近年来,智能保健取得了显著进展。新兴的人工智能(AI)技术在各种保健情景中提供了各种智能应用。作为一种由AI推动的基本技术,自然语言处理(NLP)在智能保健方面发挥着关键作用,因为它具有分析和理解人类语言的能力。在这项工作中,我们从技术和应用的角度审查与NLP有关的智能保健的现有研究。我们首先从技术角度阐述不同的NLP方法,并从技术角度阐述智能保健管道。然后,在使用NLP技术的智能保健应用方面,我们引入了具有代表性的智能保健情景,包括临床实践、医院管理、个人护理、公共卫生和药物开发。我们进一步讨论了两个具体的医疗问题,即 Corona病毒疾病 2019 (COVID-19) 流行病和心理健康,由NLP驱动的智能保健在其中发挥了重要作用。最后,我们讨论了当前工作的局限性,并确定了未来工作的方向。
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