自载型有序介孔非贵金属-氮-碳燃料电池阴极氧还原催化材料

项目名称： 自载型有序介孔非贵金属-氮-碳燃料电池阴极氧还原催化材料

项目编号： No.21303058

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 孔爱国

作者单位： 华东师范大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 本项目针对质子交换膜燃料电池中阴极氧还原用铂基催化剂存在的资源稀缺和价格昂贵问题，研制开发新型高效非贵金属阴极催化材料。拟通过硬模板纳米浇筑方法，以不同类型有序介孔二氧化硅为硬模板，富含金属-氮（M-Nx）配位结构的金属卟啉或类金属卟啉螯合物作为金属、氮和碳的前驱物，控制这些前驱物在介孔二氧化硅限域孔道内的热解组装，实现M-Nx氧还原活性位在整个金属-氮-碳骨架表面上的均匀密集植入。优化合成条件，调整材料的组成结构，构建出具有石墨化骨架、可接近比表面积和活性位密度高的自载型有序介孔非贵金属-氮-碳氧还原电催化材料。以期获得在广泛pH电解液中均具有高效稳定电催化活性的非贵金属氧还原实用阴极催化剂，加快低温质子交换膜燃料电池实用化的进程。

中文关键词： 介孔；自载型；燃料电池；非贵金属电催化剂；氧还原

英文摘要： A main challenge in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell(PEMFC)is the cost and scarity of Pt-based electrocatalyst used in cathode. This project is intended to to develop novel non-precious metal electrocatalytic mareials with high catalytic efficency and stablity for ORR as the alternative of Pt-based materials. A simple nanocasting method based on the pyrolysis of metal porphyrin or metal porphyrin-like chelates with metal-Nx coordation structures in the mesoporous channels of hard templates was developed to construct metal-nitrogen-carbon frameworks which possess ordered mesoporous structures, high surface areas, open large-pore channels, the abundant M-Nx active sites embedding in graphite backbones. Based on the ORR activity results of the prepared M-N-C materials, the further optimization on the composition and structure for mesoporous M-N-C materials was done by adjusting synthesis conditions, and the novel self-supporting mesoporous non-precious metal-nitrogen-carbon materials with high surface area and high active sites density were finally obtained. Such non-precious metal-nitrogen-carbon materials were expected to be used as the candidate to replace the rare and expensive Pt-based electrocatalyst in cathode so that the wide application of PEMFC can be accelerated.

英文关键词： mesoporous；sel-supported；fuel cell；Pt-free；oxygen reduction reaction