Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a promising solution to build a programmable wireless environment for future communication systems, in which the reflector elements steer the incident signal in fully customizable ways by passive beamforming. In this paper, an IRS-aided secure spatial modulation (SM) is proposed, where the IRS perform passive beamforming and information transfer simultaneously by adjusting the on-off states of the reflecting elements. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the average secrecy rate (SR) by jointly optimizing the passive beamforming at IRS and the transmit power at transmitter under the consideration that the direct pathes channels from transmitter to receivers are obstructed by obstacles. As the expression of SR is complex, we derive a newly fitting expression (NASR) for the expression of traditional approximate SR (TASR), which has simpler closed-form and more convenient for subsequent optimization. Based on the above two fitting expressions, three beamforming methods, called maximizing NASR via successive convex approximation (Max-NASR-SCA), maximizing NASR via dual ascent (Max-NASR-DA) and maximizing TASR via semi-definite relaxation (Max-TASR-SDR) are proposed to improve the SR performance. Additionally, two transmit power design (TPD) methods are proposed based on the above two approximate SR expressions, called Max-NASR-TPD and Max-TASR-TPD. Simulation results show that the proposed Max-NASR-DA and Max-NASR-SCA IRS beamformers harvest substantial SR performance gains over Max-TASR-SDR. For TPD, the proposed Max-NASR-TPD performs better than Max-TASR-TPD. Particularly, the Max-NASR-TPD has a closed-form solution.


翻译:智能反射表面(IRS)是建设未来通信系统可编程无线环境的一个大有希望的解决办法,在这种环境中,反射元素通过被动波束成形,以完全自定义的方式引导事件信号;在本文中,提议采用IRS辅助的安全空间调制(SM),通过调整反射元素的上方状态,使IRS进行被动光束成形并同时进行信息传输;我们提出了一个优化问题,以最大限度地实现平均保密率(SR),办法是联合优化IRS的被动波束成型和发射器的传输能力,同时考虑到从发射机到接收机的直接通道受到障碍的阻碍。由于SR的表达方式复杂,我们为传统近似SRM(TASSR)的表达方式更简便、更便于随后的优化。基于上述两种组合的表达方式,即通过连续调压式(AS-NASS-TP)调频导电流、通过SIM-SR-TRA的双轨平压-S-S-S-SL-S-S-RDR-S-M-S-S-M-S-M-SAL-M-SAL-M-SL-M-M-M-M-M-M-MAL-S-S-MAL-S-MAD-S-S-S-S-S-MAD-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-MA-MA-MAT-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MAT-MAT-MAT-MAT-MAT-MAT-MAT-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA-MA

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