The impact of global warming and the imperative to limit climate change have stimulated the need to develop new solutions based on renewable energy sources. One of the emerging trends in this endeavor are the Electric Vehicles (EVs), which use electricity instead of traditional fossil fuels as a power source, relying on the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) paradigm. The novelty of such a paradigm requires careful analysis to avoid malicious attempts. An attacker can exploit several surfaces, such as the remote connection between the Distribution Grid and Charging Supply or the authentication system between the charging Supply Equipment and the Electric Vehicles. However, V2G architecture's high cost and complexity in implementation can restrain this field's research capability. In this paper, we approach this limitation by proposing MiniV2G, an open-source emulator to simulate Electric Vehicle Charging (EVC) built on top of Mininet and RiseV2G. MiniV2G is particularly suitable for security researchers to study and test real V2G charging scenarios. MiniV2G can reproduce with high fidelity a V2G architecture to easily simulate an EV charging process. Finally, we present a MiniV2G application and show how MiniV2G can be used to study V2G communication and develop attacks and countermeasures that can be applied to real systems. Since we believe our tool can be of great help for research in this field, we also made it freely available.
翻译:全球变暖的影响和限制气候变化的必要性刺激了在可再生能源的基础上制定新的解决办法的需要。这项努力的新趋势之一是电动车(EVs),它使用电力而不是传统化石燃料作为电力源,依靠汽车到Grid(V2G)的范式。这种范式的新颖性需要仔细分析以避免恶意企图。攻击者可以利用若干表面,例如配电网和充电供应之间的远程连接或充电设备与电动车辆之间的认证系统。然而,V2G结构在实施过程中的高成本和复杂性可以限制实地的研究能力。在本文中,我们通过提出MiniV2G(MiniV2G),即一个模拟电动车充电的开源模拟器(EVC),来应对这一局限性。MiniV2G(M)特别适合安全研究人员研究和测试真实的V2G充电情景。MiniV2G(MiV2G)可以高忠实地复制一个V2G结构,以方便地模拟EV充电过程。最后,我们提出一个小型V2G(MiG)系统的应用工具可以用来进行。