What makes speeches effective has long been a subject for debate, and until today there is broad controversy among public speaking experts about what factors make a speech effective as well as the roles of these factors in speeches. Moreover, there is a lack of quantitative analysis methods to help understand effective speaking strategies. In this paper, we propose E-ffective, a visual analytic system allowing speaking experts and novices to analyze both the role of speech factors and their contribution in effective speeches. From interviews with domain experts and investigating existing literature, we identified important factors to consider in inspirational speeches. We obtained the generated factors from multi-modal data that were then related to effectiveness data. Our system supports rapid understanding of critical factors in inspirational speeches, including the influence of emotions by means of novel visualization methods and interaction. Two novel visualizations include E-spiral (that shows the emotional shifts in speeches in a visually compact way) and E-script (that connects speech content with key speech delivery information). In our evaluation we studied the influence of our system on experts' domain knowledge about speech factors. We further studied the usability of the system by speaking novices and experts on assisting analysis of inspirational speech effectiveness.
翻译:使演讲产生实效的长期以来一直是辩论的主题,直到今天为止,公开演讲专家之间对于什么因素使演讲产生实效以及这些因素在演讲中的作用存在广泛的争议。此外,缺乏定量分析方法来帮助理解有效的演讲战略。在本文中,我们建议采用电子视角分析系统,即视觉分析系统,允许演讲专家分析演讲因素的作用及其在有效演讲中的贡献。通过与域专家的访谈和调查现有文献,我们确定了在鼓舞性演讲中考虑的重要因素。我们从多模式数据中获得了与当时的有效性数据相关的衍生因素。我们的系统支持快速理解启发性演讲中的关键因素,包括通过新的视觉化方法和互动手段对情绪的影响。两个新颖的视觉分析包括E-spiral(用视觉压缩方式显示演讲中的情感变化)和E-trical(将演讲内容与关键演讲提供的信息联系起来)。在我们的评估中,我们研究了我们系统对专家关于演讲因素的域知识的影响。我们进一步研究了该系统的可用性,通过发表节点和专家来协助分析激励性演讲的有效性。