For decades, proponents of the Internet have promised that it would one day provide a seamless way for everyone in the world to communicate with each other, without introducing new boundaries, gatekeepers, or power structures. What happened? This article explores the system-level characteristics of a key design feature of the Internet that helped it to achieve widespread adoption, as well as the system-level implications of certain patterns of use that have emerged over the years as a result of that feature. Such patterns include the system-level acceptance of particular authorities, mechanisms that promote and enforce the concentration of power, and network effects that implicitly penalise those who do not comply with decisions taken by privileged actors. We provide examples of these patterns and offer some key observations, toward the development of a general theory of why they emerged despite our best efforts, and we conclude with some suggestions on how we might mitigate the worst outcomes and avoid similar experiences in the future.
翻译:几十年来,互联网的支持者一直承诺,有一天它将为世界上的每一个人提供一个无缝的交流方式,不引入新的边界、守门人或权力结构。发生了什么?这一条探讨了互联网关键设计特征的系统层面特点,帮助互联网得到广泛采用,以及多年来由于这一特点而出现的某些使用模式的系统层面影响。这种模式包括系统层面接受特定当局、促进和强制权力集中的机制以及网络效应,这些效应暗含惩罚那些不遵守特权行为者所作决定的人。我们提供了这些模式的例子,并提出一些关键意见,以形成一个总体理论,说明尽管我们尽了最大努力,这些模式为何出现,我们最后提出一些建议,说明我们如何减轻最坏的结果,避免今后出现类似的经验。