Quantum computing is a game-changing technology for global academia, research centers and industries including computational science, mathematics, finance, pharmaceutical, materials science, chemistry and cryptography. Although it has seen a major boost in the last decade, we are still a long way from reaching the maturity of a full-fledged quantum computer. That said, we will be in the Noisy-Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era for a long time, working on dozens or even thousands of qubits quantum computing systems. An outstanding challenge, then, is to come up with an application that can reliably carry out a nontrivial task of interest on the near-term quantum devices with non-negligible quantum noise. To address this challenge, several near-term quantum computing techniques, including variational quantum algorithms, error mitigation, quantum circuit compilation and benchmarking protocols, have been proposed to characterize and mitigate errors, and to implement algorithms with a certain resistance to noise, so as to enhance the capabilities of near-term quantum devices and explore the boundaries of their ability to realize useful applications. Besides, the development of near-term quantum devices is inseparable from the efficient classical simulation, which plays a vital role in quantum algorithm design and verification, error-tolerant verification and other applications. This review will provide a thorough introduction of these near-term quantum computing techniques, report on their progress, and finally discuss the future prospect of these techniques, which we hope will motivate researchers to undertake additional studies in this field.
翻译:量子计算是全球学术界、研究中心和行业,包括计算科学、数学、金融、制药、材料科学、化学和密码学的游戏变革技术,尽管过去十年来我们目睹了巨大的进步,但我们距离一个完整的量子计算机成熟还远远不够,也就是说,我们将长期处于Nisy-中间比例的量子计算机时代,在数十甚至甚至数千平方位量子计算系统上工作。那么,一个突出的挑战就是提出一个应用程序,可以可靠地对近期量子装置和不可忽略的量子噪音进行非三重性的关注任务。为了应对这一挑战,我们提出了几项近期量子计算技术,包括变量算法、减少错误、量子电路汇编和基准协议,以辨别和减轻错误,执行对噪音有一定抵抗力的算法,从而增强近期量子设备的能力,并探索其实现有益应用的能力的界限。此外,在近期量子装置的量子设备方面,发展近期量子计算技术,从这些关键量子核查技术的设计中,将产生一个不可分母的预期,从这些关键量级计算方法中,最终分析这些关键量子计算方法。