Recently, virtual reality (VR) technology has been widely used in medical, military, manufacturing, entertainment, and other fields. These applications must simulate different complex material surfaces, various dynamic objects, and complex physical phenomena, increasing the complexity of VR scenes. Current computing devices cannot efficiently render these complex scenes in real time, and delayed rendering makes the content observed by the user inconsistent with the user's interaction, causing discomfort. Foveated rendering is a promising technique that can accelerate rendering. It takes advantage of human eyes' inherent features and renders different regions with different qualities without sacrificing perceived visual quality. Foveated rendering research has a history of 31 years and is mainly focused on solving the following three problems. The first is to apply perceptual models of the human visual system into foveated rendering. The second is to render the image with different qualities according to foveation principles. The third is to integrate foveated rendering into existing rendering paradigms to improve rendering performance. In this survey, we review foveated rendering research from 1990 to 2021. We first revisit the visual perceptual models related to foveated rendering. Subsequently, we propose a new foveated rendering taxonomy and then classify and review the research on this basis. Finally, we discuss potential opportunities and open questions in the foveated rendering field. We anticipate that this survey will provide new researchers with a high-level overview of the state of the art in this field, furnish experts with up-to-date information and offer ideas alongside a framework to VR display software and hardware designers and engineers.
翻译:最近,虚拟现实(VR)技术在医疗、军事、制造、娱乐和其他领域被广泛使用。这些应用必须模拟不同的复杂材料表面、各种动态物体和复杂的物理现象,增加VR场面的复杂性。当前计算装置无法有效地实时地使这些复杂场面发生,延迟造成用户所观察到的内容与用户的互动不一致,造成不适。改造后展示是一种有希望的技术,可以加速产生效果。它利用人类眼睛的内在特征,使不同区域具有不同的品质,而不会牺牲人们所认为的视觉质量。改造后的成形研究有31年的历史,主要侧重于解决以下三个问题。首先,应用人类视觉系统的感知模型来改变形象。其次,使用户所观察到的内容与用户的相互作用不相符,造成不适。第三,将进化后进化后的造型的造型模型纳入现有的造型模型中,以便提高性能。在本次调查中,我们审查了从1990年到2021年的造型模型。我们首先重新审视了与变形的实地展示有关的视觉模型模型。随后,我们提议将新的造型的造型模型作为新的研究基础,我们将提出新的造型的估价,然后进行新的研究。