United Nation (UN) security council has fifteen members, out of which five permanent members of the council can use their veto power against any unfavorable decision taken by the council. In certain situation, a member using right to veto may prefer to remain anonymous. This need leads to the requirement of the protocols for anonymous veto which can be viewed as a special type of voting. Recently, a few protocols for quantum anonymous veto have been designed which clearly show quantum advantages in ensuring anonymity of the veto. However, none of the efficient protocols for quantum anonymous veto have yet been experimentally realized. Here, we implement 2 of those protocols for quantum anonymous veto using an IBM quantum computer named IBMQ Casablanca and different quantum resources like Bell, GHZ and cluster states. In this set of proof-of-principle experiments, it's observed that using the present technology, a protocol for quantum anonymous veto can be realized experimentally if the number of people who can veto remains small as in the case of UN council. Further, it's observed that Bell state based protocol implemented here performs better than the GHZ/cluster state based implementation of the other protocol in an ideal scenario as well as in presence of different types of noise (amplitude damping, phase damping, depolarizing and bit-flip noise). In addition, it's observed that based on diminishing impact on fidelity, different noise models studied here can be ordered in ascending order as phase damping, amplitude damping, depolarizing, bit-flip.
翻译:联合国(UN)安全理事会有十五名成员,其中五个常任成员可以使用否决权反对理事会做出的任何不利决定。在某些情况下,使用否决权的成员可能宁愿保持匿名。这需要导致匿名否决议定书的要求,可以被视为一种特殊类型的投票。最近,设计了一些匿名匿名否决协议,这在确保匿名使用否决权方面明显显示出数量上的好处。然而,在数量上匿名否决权的有效议定书中,还没有一项得到实验的实现。在这里,我们使用IBM量级计算机IBMQ Cablanca和诸如Bell、GHZ和集群国家等不同量级资源执行两项匿名否决权议定书。在这套原则证据实验中,它指出,如果能够使用数量上匿名否决权的人数仍然比联合国理事会少,则可以实验性地实现。此外,在这里执行的贝尔州协议比GHZ/集群国家执行其他议定书的情况要好,在理想的量级计算机中,Bell、GHZQZ和集级资源,例如GHZ和组国家数量上不同的量级,在不断降低的阶段里程上,可以观察,在不同的级级级上,在不断减少的阶段里,可以实验。