High-Throughput GPU Implementation of Dilithium Post-Quantum Digital Signature

In this work, we present a well-optimized GPU implementation of Dilithium, one of the NIST post-quantum standard digital signature algorithms. We focus on warp-level design and exploit several strategies to improve performance, including memory pool, kernel fusing, batching, streaming, etc. All the above efforts lead to an efficient and high-throughput solution. We profile on both desktop and server-grade GPUs, and achieve up to 57.7$\times$, 93.0$\times$, and 63.1$\times$ higher throughput on RTX 3090Ti for key generation, signing, and verification, respectively, compared to single-thread CPU. Additionally, we study the performance in real-world applications to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of our solution.