The Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) protocol is increasingly being adopted by the aviation industry as a method for aircraft to relay their position to Air Traffic Control (ATC) monitoring systems. ADS-B provides greater precision compared to traditional radar-based technologies, however, it was designed without any encryption or authentication mechanisms and has been shown to be susceptible to spoofing attacks. A capable attacker can transmit falsified ADS-B messages with the intent of causing false information to be shown on ATC displays and threaten the safety of air traffic. Updating the ADS-B protocol will be a lengthy process, therefore, there is a need for systems to detect anomalous ADS-B communications. This paper presents ATC-Sense, an ADS-B anomaly detection system based on ontologies. An ATC ontology is used to model entities in a simulated controlled airspace and is used to detect falsified ADS-B messages by verifying that the entities conform to aviation constraints related to aircraft flight tracks, radar readings, and flight reports. We evaluate the computational performance of the proposed constraints-based detection approach with several ADS-B attack scenarios in a simulated ATC environment. We demonstrate how ontologies can be used for anomaly detection in a real-time environment and call for future work to investigate ways to improve the computational performance of such an approach.
翻译:航空业越来越多地采用自动依赖性监视广播协议(ADS-B)作为飞机向空中交通管制监测系统转发其位置的方法,而ADS-B提供比传统雷达技术更精确的系统,然而,它的设计没有任何加密或认证机制,并被证明容易发生攻击。有能力的攻击者可以传送伪造的ADS-B信息,目的是在ATC显示时显示虚假信息,威胁空中交通安全。因此,更新ADS-B协议将是一个漫长的过程,因此,有必要建立各种系统,以探测异常的ADS-B通信。本文介绍了ATC-Sensense(ADS-B异常探测系统),这是建立在理论基础上的系统。ATC-B学用于模拟受控空气空间的模型实体,并用于检测伪造的ADS-B信息,通过核查这些实体是否遵守了与飞机飞行轨迹、雷达读数和飞行报告有关的航空限制。我们评估了拟议的限制性探测方法的计算性表现。我们用ADS-B模型来模拟ADS-A-CS-S-Creaction 如何在现实环境上进行模拟。