As wireless has disrupted communications, wireless will also disrupt the delivery of energy. Future wireless networks will be equipped with (radiative) wireless power transfer (WPT) capability and exploit radio waves to carry both energy and information through a unified wireless information and power transfer (WIPT). Such networks will make the best use of the RF spectrum and radiation as well as the network infrastructure for the dual purpose of communicating and energizing. Consequently those networks will enable trillions of future low-power devices to sense, compute, connect, and energize anywhere, anytime, and on the move. In this paper, we review the foundations of such future system. We first give an overview of the fundamental theoretical building blocks of WPT and WIPT. Then we discuss some state-of-the-art experimental setups and prototypes of both WPT and WIPT and contrast theoretical and experimental results. We draw a special attention to how the integration of RF, signal and system designs in WPT and WIPT leads to new theoretical and experimental design challenges for both microwave and communication engineers and highlight some promising solutions. Topics and experimental testbeds discussed include closed-loop WPT and WIPT architectures with beamforming, waveform, channel acquisition, and single/multi-antenna energy harvester, centralized and distributed WPT, reconfigurable metasurfaces and intelligent surfaces for WPT, transmitter and receiver architecture for WIPT, modulation, rate-energy trade-off. Moreover, we highlight important theoretical and experimental research directions to be addressed for WPT and WIPT to become a foundational technology of future wireless networks.
翻译:由于无线中断了通信,无线网络也将干扰能源的输送。未来的无线网络将装备(辐射)无线电传输能力,并利用无线电波通过统一的无线信息和电力传输(WIPT)来传播能源和信息。这些网络将最佳地利用RF频谱和辐射以及网络基础设施,实现通信和激励的双重目的。因此,这些网络将使得数万亿未来低电装置能够感知、计算、连接和激活任何地方、任何时间和移动。在本文中,我们审查了这种未来系统的基础。我们首先概述了WPT和WPT的基本理论基础。然后,我们讨论了WPT和WPT的一些最先进的实验性组合和原型,并对比了理论和实验性结果。因此,我们特别注意到WPT和WPT将R、信号和系统设计整合成新的理论和实验性设计挑战。对于微波和通信工程师来说,我们审视了一些有希望的解决办法。我们讨论的主题和实验性网络包括:WPT和WPT基础基础基础基础基础基础基础基础基础基础的理论基础的理论基础,WPT和WPT基础的实验性研究,以及WPT基础的升级结构的升级结构结构,用于WPT-M-M-M-S-S-SM-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-SM-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S-S