Effort-Based Fairness for Participatory Budgeting

We introduce a new family of normative principles for fairness in participatory budgeting. These principles are based on the fundamental idea that budget allocations should be fair in terms of the effort invested into meeting the wishes of each voter. This is in contrast to earlier proposals that instead are based on specific assumptions about the satisfaction voters with a given budget allocation. We analyse these new principles in axiomatic, algorithmic, and experimental terms.