We live in momentous times. The science community is empowered with an arsenal of cosmic messengers to study the Universe in unprecedented detail. Gravitational waves, electromagnetic waves, neutrinos and cosmic rays cover a wide range of wavelengths and time scales. Combining and processing these datasets that vary in volume, speed and dimensionality requires new modes of instrument coordination, funding and international collaboration with a specialized human and technological infrastructure. In tandem with the advent of large-scale scientific facilities, the last decade has experienced an unprecedented transformation in computing and signal processing algorithms. The combination of graphics processing units, deep learning, and the availability of open source, high-quality datasets, have powered the rise of artificial intelligence. This digital revolution now powers a multi-billion dollar industry, with far-reaching implications in technology and society. In this chapter we describe pioneering efforts to adapt artificial intelligence algorithms to address computational grand challenges in Multi-Messenger Astrophysics. We review the rapid evolution of these disruptive algorithms, from the first class of algorithms introduced in early 2017, to the sophisticated algorithms that now incorporate domain expertise in their architectural design and optimization schemes. We discuss the importance of scientific visualization and extreme-scale computing in reducing time-to-insight and obtaining new knowledge from the interplay between models and data.
翻译:我们生活在一个巨大的时代。科学界拥有一批宇宙信使,能够以前所未有的详细程度研究宇宙。重波、电磁波、中子波、中子和宇宙射线的组合,覆盖了广泛的波长和时间尺度。这些在数量、速度和多元性方面各不相同的数据集的组合和处理需要与专门的人力和技术基础设施进行新的仪器协调、筹资和国际协作模式。随着大规模科学设施的出现,过去十年在计算和信号处理算法方面经历了前所未有的转变。图形处理器、深层学习和开放源、高质量数据集的提供,使人工智能的崛起充满了动力。现在,这一数字革命使一个数亿元的产业具有影响力,对技术和社会产生了深远的影响。在本章中,我们描述了为调整人工智能智能算法以应对多信使天体物理学中的计算巨大挑战而做出的开创性努力。我们审查了这些破坏性算法的迅速演变,从2017年初推出的第一类算法、深层次的学习和开放源码、高质量数据集的提供,我们从目前的复杂算法学算法结合了人工智能智慧的崛起。我们讨论了从建筑设计和图像模型到数字化计划之间的高度空间和相互作用的重要性。