We extend Natural Deduction for intuitionistic logic with a third introduction rule for the disjunction, $\vee$-i3, with a conclusion $\Gamma\vdash A\vee B$, but both premises $\Gamma\vdash A$ and $\Gamma\vdash B$. This rule is admissible in Natural Deduction. This extension is interesting in several respects. First, it permits to solve a well-known problem in logics with interstitial rules that have a weak introduction property: closed cut-free proofs end with an introduction rule, except in the case of disjunctions. With this new introduction rule, we recover the strong introduction property: closed cut-free proofs always end with an introduction. Second, the termination proof of this proof system is simpler than that of the usual propositional Natural Deduction with interstitial rules, as it does not require the use of the so-called ultra-reduction rules. Third, this proof system, in its linear version, has applications to quantum computing: the $\vee$-i3 rule enables the expression of quantum measurement, without the cost of introducing a new connective. Finally, even in logics without interstitial rules, the rule $\vee$-i3 is useful to reduce commuting cuts, although, in this paper, we leave the termination of such reduction as an open problem.
翻译:我们为直觉主义逻辑的自然演绎系统扩展了第三个析取引入规则,记为 $\vee$-i3,其结论为 $\Gamma\vdash A\vee B$,但两个前提均为 $\Gamma\vdash A$ 和 $\Gamma\vdash B$。该规则在自然演绎系统中是可采纳的。这一扩展在多个方面具有重要意义。首先,它解决了具有弱引入性质的间隙规则逻辑系统中的一个著名问题:封闭的无切割证明以引入规则结束,但析取情形除外。通过这一新引入规则,我们恢复了强引入性质:封闭的无切割证明始终以引入规则结束。其次,该证明系统的终止性证明比带有间隙规则的常规命题自然演绎系统更简单,因为它不需要使用所谓的超归约规则。第三,该证明系统的线性版本在量子计算中具有应用:$\vee$-i3 规则能够表达量子测量,而无需引入新联结词的成本。最后,即使在无间隙规则的逻辑系统中,$\vee$-i3 规则也有助于减少交换切割,尽管在本文中,我们将此类归约的终止性问题留作开放问题。