考虑降雨和地形的长江上游非点源污染时空演变模拟研究

项目名称： 考虑降雨和地形的长江上游非点源污染时空演变模拟研究

项目编号： No.51309097

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 丁晓雯

作者单位： 华北电力大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 随着工业点源的控制，非点源在众多流域成为水污染的主要来源。国内外学者在污染机理与模型模拟等方面已开展了大量研究，但仍存在不足。如不同驱动力和下垫面条件对NPS污染产输的影响仍有待进一步量化，适用于我国宏观尺度的污染模型在空间分布方面的模拟精度有待提高。为此，本研究针对长江上游的TN非点源污染，设计了"机理研究-模型构建-污染模拟"逐步递进的研究方案。首先，借助现有研究成果，通过对典型小区"降雨-径流-产污"的野外试验，探究研究区降雨、地形对非点源TN流失的影响机理；然后，将其与现有ECM模型耦合，构建考虑非点源污染产输机理的大尺度模拟模型，以提高模型对污染空间分布的精确精度；最后，对近50年来长江上游非点源TN的年负荷进行数值计算和时空分异模拟；对不同年份、不同污染源、不同空间单元的污染特征开展时空变化分析，以揭示长江上游NPS污染的演变规律。

中文关键词： 降雨；地形；输出系数模型；时空分异模拟；非点源污染

英文摘要： With the effective control of source pollution, non-point source (NPS) pollution becomes the main factor of water pollution in lots of watersheds. Researches on pollution mechanism and model simulation of NPS pollution have been carried out, but there are still some problems. It is important to reveal the influence of driving forces and surface on the generation and transportion of NPS pollution quantitatively, and develop macro-models which fit into our national conditions. So takeing Upper Reach of Yangtze River Basin as a studying area and total nitrogen (TN) as a characteristic pollutant, a step-by-step research plan is formulated. The plan includes mechanism research, model construction, and pollution simulation. Firstly, field tests of "precipitation-runoff-pollution" will be carried out in typical plots, and the correlations between key factors (precipitation as well as terrain) and the loss of NPS TN will be established. Secondly, a macro-model considering NPS pollution mechanism will be developed on the bases of the established correlations and existing export coefficient model. The model will simulate the spatial distribution of NPS pollution more accurately. Space and attribute databases of the studying area will be further developed based on the current one constrcuted by the applicants. Dividing NPS

英文关键词： Precipitaion；Terrain；Export coefficicent model；Spatio-temporal variation simulation；Non-point source pollution