黄土区坡面水沙过程空间异质性及其尺度效应研究

项目名称： 黄土区坡面水沙过程空间异质性及其尺度效应研究

项目编号： No.51209222

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 水利科学与海洋工程学科

项目作者： 龚家国

作者单位： 中国水利水电科学研究院

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 坡面水沙过程机理认识不完善以及水沙过程尺度效应问题是黄土区流域水沙过程研究瓶颈。本研究以野外调查试验和室内模拟降雨+放水试验为基础，采用现代试验观测和数据处理技术，以不同尺度侵蚀沟汇流条件下的水沙过程中地形和水文、泥沙过程特征参数为对象，对坡面水沙过程中存在的沟壑效应和尺度效应进行研究，建立以水动力学特征参数为基础的坡面水沙过程特征分类系统，筛选具有统一公式形式的坡面水沙过程模拟方程，并以此为基础建立具有物理机制的坡面水沙过程模拟模型。从而推进流域水沙过程机理研究的深入，为流域水土资源管理及水土保持与生态建设提供理论支撑。

中文关键词： 重力侵蚀；摄影测量；滚波；尺度效应；坡面水沙过程

英文摘要： The imperfect mechanism research and the scale effect of flow and sediment process on slope was the bottlenecks of studying flow and sediment process in loess area. The research was based on field survey and experiments, simulated runoff experiment and water releasing test in laboratory foundation, by using modern experimental observations and data processing technology, taking the terrain, hydrology, characteristic parameters of sediment processes under confluence conditions in different scale erosion gullies as the research object, and the gully effect and scale effect in flow and sediment process on slope was studied. The slope flow and sediment process classification system was established on the basis of hydrodynamics characteristic parameters. Simulation equation of slope flow and sediment process was selected which have Unified formula form, and Simulation model of slope flow and sediment process was build which have physical mechanism based on it. Thus, which will be helpful to the further study on mechanism of watershed flow and sediment process and provide theoretical support for watershed water and soil resources management, soil and water conservation and ecological construction.

英文关键词： gravity erosion；photogrammetry；roll waves；scaling effect；Runoff and sediment process