项目名称: 基于海量时空数据的城市居民移动模式研究
项目编号: No.41271386
项目类型: 面上项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 天文学、地球科学
项目作者: 刘瑜
作者单位: 北京大学
项目金额: 60万元
中文摘要: 信息通讯技术的发展,使得获取海量个体时空数据并从微观层面研究宏观地理问题成为可能,给地理信息系统与科学带来了新的机遇和挑战。在应用层面,为了全面科学应对中国快速城市化过程中的各种复杂城市问题,城市活动系统的时空特征、机理及空间对策已成为目前学术界和政府管理部门亟待解决的重大科学问题。从微观层面获取城市居民移动海量数据并提取时空模式是解决该问题的关键途径。本研究利用位置感知设备(如手机、GPS接收机等)获取海量个体移动数据,集成地理信息系统、空间统计分析、数据挖掘等技术方法,挖掘城市居民移动模式及时空分布特征,分析该模式与城市土地利用、人口密度、交通网络等不同地理要素之间的关系,突出空间异质性、距离衰减、锚点分布、道路网络等地理规律和环境变量的制约,尝试建立城市尺度上的人类移动解释性模型,为城市活动系统的"软性"优化及各种城市问题的有效解决提供科学支撑。
中文关键词: 位置感知设备;时空数据;人类移动模式;地理环境影响;城市活动系统
英文摘要: The development of information and communication technology (ICT) makes it possible to collect large volumes of individual data and to conduct individual-based studies on geographical issues. Geographical information systems and science (GIS&S) encounter challenges and opportunities for managing and manipulating such individual-based data. In terms of applications, with the rapid urbanization in China, understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics and mechanism of urban motion/activity systems is an important approach to deal with critical issues in urban management. Widely-applied location-aware devices (LAD), such as mobile phones and GPS receivers, generate large volumes of individual trajectory data and provide a means for observing urban dynamics from a micro perspective. In this research, we plan to conduct empirical studies using the LAD-based data to extract human mobility data and compute the associated patterns. Based on the observed patterns, we will incorporate techniques including GIS, spatial statistics, and data mining to identify the underlying forces such as land uses, population density and street network, of the observed patterns. We intend to construct an intra-urban motion model, which takes into account spatial heterogeneity, distance decay, spatial distribution of re-visited points, an
英文关键词: Location Aware Devices;Spatio-temporal data;Human mobility pattern;Geographical impacts;Urban activity system