基于多源时空数据的城市生活和就业紧凑度研究

项目名称： 基于多源时空数据的城市生活和就业紧凑度研究

项目编号： No.41471378

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 叶嘉安

作者单位： 香港大学深圳研究院

项目金额： 100万元

中文摘要： 紧凑城市是可持续发展观指导下的城市发展重要理论，其高密度开发和土地混合利用策略已是多年来中国城市规划工作中的实践要点。然而，土地利用、交通设施等空间结构和形态的紧凑并不是紧凑城市的目的，城市居民生活和就业的高质有效紧凑才是紧凑城市的真实内涵。本课题以城市居民生活与就业的紧凑度量和城市空间结构与功能校核为切入点，突破传统城市规划无法科学匹配空间规划与微观社会经济活动的瓶颈，研究如何从城市群体活动时空数据中提取城市居民的生活与就业活动特征，提出以人为本的紧凑城市发展综合评价指标，并进行基于居民活动的城市紧凑度与基于城市空间结构的紧凑度评价方法的校核，对有利于居民紧凑活动的城市空间结构建设提出建议。本课题探索构建以多源时空数据为支撑的面向微观个体的自下而上的规划理论框架，实现规划技术与信息技术相结合的原始创新，对扩展以数据支撑的智慧城市规划，建设可持续城市空间发展模式具有重要的理论与实践意义。

中文关键词： 时空数据；紧凑城市；城市空间结构；居民活动

英文摘要： Rapid urbanization in China has led to a set of urban problems such as traffic congestion, energy consumption, which may affect sustainable development. One of the problems is mismatch between activities and spatial structures. Urban planning in China has been promoting compact city characterized as high-density and mixed land use development for many years. However, compact urban form, compact land use and facilities are not real goals of fulfilling a compact city. Achieving high quality and compactness of urban living and employment are the key issues of sustainable development. The availability of big data from mobile phones and smart cards enable us to have better knowledge of travel pattern and behaviours. To recognize and extract residents' living and commuting activity pattern from big data is one key scientific question. The other scientific question is how to demonstrate the evolving dynamics of urban systems by integrating the big data with the traditional land use and transportation data. This project examines the analysis of big data for the investigating the compactness of urban living and employment and to find the relationships between the measurement of compactness from traditional land use analysis and actual people's activity space from big data. The project will further advance the theory of compact city, filling in the research gap that traditional urban planning practice cannot match spatial structure and urban micro-economic activities. It will develop the bottom-up activity based urban planning theoretical framework by the use of big data which is of great significance to sustainable urban spatial development and smart urban planning.

英文关键词： Spatial-temporal data;Compact city;Urban structure;Urban activities