声学共鸣法实时测量高温气冷堆堆芯温度机理研究

项目名称： 声学共鸣法实时测量高温气冷堆堆芯温度机理研究

项目编号： No.51506114

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 能源与动力工程

项目作者： 任成

作者单位： 清华大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 高温气冷堆堆芯温度的实时测量是至今尚未解决的技术难题。由于高温堆堆芯高辐照、高温、高渗碳等条件，在全工况温度范围内，现有已知的测温手段均无法胜任实时测温的需求，存在温度漂移及测温失效等问题。本课题提出一种基于声学共鸣法测量高温堆堆芯及近堆芯处温度的测量方法，其基本思路是采用与高温堆完全相容的材料石墨和氦气，制作测温元件，安装在堆芯或近堆芯石墨层内，通过测量由石墨构成的封闭腔内氦气介质的声速，获得封闭系统的平均动能，从而获得热力学温度。本课题将研究石墨材质声学共鸣腔的声学特性，探索其与氦气工质之间的相互作用机理；对各类非理想扰动因素的作用机理分别进行理论和实验分析刻画，提出相应的抑制、消除扰动的修正方法。这种基于封闭共鸣腔内气体系统平均动能的测温方法能有效“回避”高温堆堆芯中的高辐照、高渗碳风险，不存在温度漂移的问题，具有极大的优越性和重要的科学意义。

中文关键词： 声学共鸣法；高温气冷堆；堆芯温度；抗渗碳；气相声速

英文摘要： The real-time measurement of the core temperature of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor is an unresolved problem until now. Due to the high radiation, high temperature and high carburizing of the reactor core, none of the traditional temperature measurement techniques can meet the requirement under the whole temperature range. Problems of temperature drift or even device failure will occur when they are used for a long time. In this subject, a method based on the acoustic resonator method is proposed to measure the temperature in the reactor core or the nearby region. The basic idea is to use graphite and helium, which are totally compatible with the reactor, to produce the temperature measurement device. The sound speed in the helium inside the enclosed cavity made of graphite will be measured to obtain the average kinetic energy of the closed gas system and the thermodynamic temperature can then be calculated. In this subject, the acoustic characteristics of the graphite resonator and the interaction mechanism between it and the helium will be researched. The functional mechanism of each non-ideal disturbance factors will be studied both theoretically and experimentally. Corresponding correction methods to restrain the disturbances will be put forward. This method based on the measurement of the average kinetic energy of the gas system enclosed in a cavity can effectively avoid the high radiation and high carburizing risk in the reactor core and hence exhibits great superiority and significance in science.

英文关键词： acoustic resonator method;high temperature gas-cooled reactor ;reactor core temperature;anti-carburizing;sound speed in gas